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A/C System Basics 2007-05-24 07:01:00 A/C System
OverviewThere are three primary components in a vehicle’s air conditioning system including the compressor, condenser, and evaporator. These parts are connected by tubes and hoses to form a continuous path with two distinct sections: a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side. In order to transfer heat from the vehicle’s interior to the outside air, a chemical refrigerant is circulated throughout the system. In theory, the A/C system accomplishes the same task as the engine’s cooling system, in that both absorb the heat from one area and release it to another (heat transfer). While coolant remains a liquid during the heat transfer process however, refrigerant repeatedly alternates between a liquid and a gas as it circulates throughout the air conditioning system. Orifice tube air conditioning systems regulate refrigerant flow to the evaporator using a fixed metering device (orifice tube). In an expansion valve air conditioning system, refrigerant flow to the ev Read more:Basics
Compressor 2007-05-24 06:56:00 Commonly referred to as the heart of the system, the compressor is a belt driven pump that is fastened to the engine. It is responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant gas. The A/C system is split into two sides, a high pressure side and a low pressure side; defined as discharge and suction. Since the compressor is basically a pump, it must have an intake side and a discharge side. The intake, or suction side, draws in refrigerant gas from the outlet of the evaporator. In some cases it does this via the accumulator. Once the refrigerant is drawn into the suction side, it is compressed and sent to the condenser, where it can then transfer the heat that is absorbed from the inside of the vehicle. Read more:Compressor
Condenser 2007-05-24 06:54:00 This is the area in which heat dissipation occurs. The condenser, in many cases, will have much the same appearance as the radiator in you car as the two have very similar functions. The condenser is designed to radiate heat. Its location is usually in front of the radiator, but in some cases, due to aerodynamic improvements to the body of a vehicle, its location may differ. Condensers must have good air flow anytime the system is in operation. On rear wheel drive vehicles, this is usually accomplished by taking advantage of your existing engine's cooling fan. On front wheel drive vehicles, condenser air flow is supplemented with one or more electric cooling fan(s). As hot compressed gasses are introduced into the top of the condenser, they are cooled off. As the gas cools, it condenses and exits the bottom of the condenser as a high pressure liquid.
Evaporator 2007-05-24 06:53:00 Located inside the vehicle, the evaporator serves as the heat absorption component. The evaporator provides several functions. Its primary duty is to remove heat from the inside of your vehicle. A secondary benefit is dehumidification. As warmer air travels through the aluminum fins of the cooler evaporator coil, the moisture contained in the air condenses on its surface. Dust and pollen passing through stick to its wet surfaces and drain off to the outside. On humid days you may have seen this as water dripping from the bottom of your vehicle. Rest assured this is perfectly normal. The ideal temperature of the evaporator is 32° Fahrenheit or 0° Celsius. Refrigerant enters the bottom of the evaporator as a low pressure liquid. The warm air passing through the evaporator fins causes the refrigerant to boil (refrigerants have very low boiling points). As the refrigerant begins to boil, it can absorb large amounts of heat. This heat is then carried off with the refrigerant to the outsi
Orifice Tube 2007-05-24 06:51:00 The orifice tube, probably the most commonly used, can be found in most GM and Ford models. It is located in the inlet tube of the evaporator, or in the liquid line, somewhere between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator. This point can be found in a properly functioning system by locating the area between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator that suddenly makes the change from hot to cold. You should then see small dimples placed in the line that keep the orifice tube from moving. Most of the orifice tubes in use today measure approximately three inches in length and consist of a small brass tube, surrounded by plastic, and covered with a filter screen at each end. It is not uncommon for these tubes to become clogged with small debris. While inexpensive, usually between three to five dollars, the labor to replace one involves recovering the refrigerant, opening the system up, replacing the orifice tube, evacuating and then recharging. With
Expansion Valve 2007-05-24 06:50:00 Another common refrigerant regulator is the thermal expansion valve, or TXV. Commonly used on import and aftermarket systems. This type of valve can sense both temperature and pressure, and is very efficient at regulating refrigerant flow to the evaporator. Several variations of this valve are commonly found. Another example of a thermal expansion valve is Chrysler's "H block" type. This type of valve is usually located at the firewall, between the evaporator inlet and outlet tubes and the liquid and suction lines. These types of valves, although efficient, have some disadvantages over orifice tube systems. Like orifice tubes these valves can become clogged with debris, but also have small moving parts that may stick and malfunction due to corrosion. Read more:Expansion
, Valve
Receiver-Drier 2007-05-24 06:48:00 The receiver-drier is used on the high side of systems that use a thermal expansion valve. This type of metering valve requires liquid refrigerant. To ensure that the valve gets liquid refrigerant, a receiver is used. The primary function of the receiver-drier is to separate gas and liquid. The secondary purpose is to remove moisture and filter out dirt. The receiver-drier usually has a sight glass in the top. This sight glass is often used to charge the system. Under normal operating conditions, vapor bubbles should not be visible in the sight glass. The use of the sight glass to charge the system is not recommended in R-134a systems as cloudiness and oil that has separated from the refrigerant can be mistaken for bubbles. This type of mistake can lead to a dangerous overcharged condition. There are variations of receiver-driers and several different desiccant materials are in use. Some of the moisture removing desiccants found within are not compatible with R-134a. The desiccant type
Accumulator 2007-05-24 06:46:00 Accumulators are used on systems that accommodate an orifice tube to meter refrigerants into the evaporator. It is connected directly to the evaporator outlet and stores excess liquid refrigerant. Introduction of liquid refrigerant into a compressor can do serious damage. Compressors are designed to compress gas not liquid. The chief role of the accumulator is to isolate the compressor from any damaging liquid refrigerant. Accumulators, like receiver-driers, also remove debris and moisture from a system. It is a good idea to replace the accumulator each time the system is opened up for major repair and anytime moisture and/or debris is of concern. Moisture is enemy number one for your A/C system. Moisture in a system mixes with refrigerant and forms a corrosive acid. When in doubt, it may be to your advantage to change the Accumulator or receiver in your system
Retofit Procedure 2007-05-24 06:43:00 1. Evacuate the R-12, if there is any left in the system. By law, this must be done without venting (releasing the gas into the atmosphere) by a certified mechanic using approved R-12 Recovery equipment. Many installers will do this without charge, because the R-12 they recover from your system is valuable 2. Attach Adaptor to the low-pressure port:The low-pressure port usually has a blue or black dust cap and is located on the larger diameter tubing that runs between the evaporator (in the dashboard) and the compressor (see FAQ, "How do I find the low-pressure port?"). Remove the dust cap . Attach the adapter to the low-pressure port. 3. Charge the System & Measure Pressure:Assemble the hose and refrigerant can. Be sure the engine is operating and the A/C is set to maximum cooling. Connect the hose to the low-pressure port and preceed to charge the system. Measure the system pressure at any time by closing the can valve. Refer to the pressure gauge chart for refrigerant leve Read more:Procedure
Refrigerants 2007-05-24 06:41:00 Regardless of the type, all air conditioning systems function according to a basic law of physics that states ‘a fluid absorbs heat as it changes from a liquid to a gas, and a vapor releases heat as it changes from a gas to a liquid.’ In an A/C system, refrigerant is the transfer medium used to absorb the heat inside the passenger compartment and release it to the outside air. Refrigerant is a tasteless, odorless gas with an ability to change state rapidly within a specific temperature range. It is also oil soluble and non-corrosive. While there are scores of refrigerants on the market, there are only two types approved by vehicle manufacturers: R-12 and R-134a. R-12, commonly referred to as Freon, has long been used as the refrigerant in all automotive A/C systems. However, R-12 contains chlorine, which is the primary cause of ozone layer damage. Consequently, legislation was passed calling for a halt in R-12 production by 1996. Long before the phase-out of R-12 began however, the
A/C Recharging Method 2007-05-24 06:39:00 Push-Button Dispensing With Measure & Charge (MAC-134) and EZ Charge (SD-134), dispensing refrigerant is as simple as pressing a button. You just connect the hose to the low-pressure port, press the button on the can to fill (to "charge") and release to stop. With Measure & Charge, releasing the button will automatically give you a pressure measurement on the in-line gauge (which is re-usable). Both let you store unused refrigerant for later. Both contain the appropriate proportions of refrigerant and oil, as well as System-Safe leak sealer. See full instructions on this site or on the can. Trigger Dispensing With the Quick Charge charging gun (QC-1CS and QCK-2CS), you simply connect the hose to the low-pressure port, screw a can of refrigerant into the Quick Charge, squeeze the trigger to dispense and release to stop. Quick Charge will automatically give you a pressure reading on the built-in gauge. Quick Charge is completely re-usable. See full instructions on this site or on t
Mercedes Benz A/C System 2007-08-21 16:41:00 Mercedes
Benz has always been associated with rich and famous. They are popular for incorporating finest engineering and craftsmanship. Thus, results in high manufacturing costs. Air conditioning system equipped in Mercedes Benz
is one of the major factors for comfortable and pleasurable ride. There are five major components that plays key role in the effective performance of the Mercedes Benz AC system. They are Mercedes Benz compressor, Mercedes Benz refrigerant, Mercedes Benz condenser, Mercedes Benz expansion valve and Mercedes Benz drier or evaporator. During air conditioning process, refrigerant is placed under pressure by the compressor and sent to condensing coils. These coils are usually present in front of radiator. After compression, gas heats up a lot. Later, gas condenses into liquid and this change turn it hotter. Now, lots of heat is lost by refrigerant followed by sending liquid to evaporator. On the high side of AC system, Mercedes Benz receiver drier or Accumulator Read more:System
Mercedes M-Class Model 163 climate control system '98 to '01 2007-08-21 16:34:00 The heating, ventilation, and A/C (HVAC) system in the M-Class has semiautomatic temperature regulation and manual control over the air source and distribution. The temperature control is achieved without the use of a heater valve, also called mono valve in other models. The M-Class heater core is thus always hot, at about 87 deg C. Burl walnut wood trim with gray alpaca leather interior The climate control system is described in the "Introduction into Service" manual, part T-2678-097, in group 83, body and accessories, pages 133 to 141. Air Conditioning Switch The On/Off switch connects to the A/C control module (N19), which, through the All Activity Module (N10) controls the activation of the air conditioning compressor clutch. The A/C compressor operates only when the engine is running and the blower motor is switched on. The AAM (N10) also uses other information from the CAN to choose when to operate the compressor clutch, i.e. engine temperature. Air Temperature Read more:Mercedes
A/C System for Sprinter and Crafter 2007-08-21 16:25:00 Behr, a specialist for car and truck air conditioning and engine cooling systems, and Behr Hella Thermocontrol,(BHTC), the Behr-Hella joint venture specializing in climate control, in collaboration with DaimlerChrysler, have developed the air conditioning system for the new Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
and the VW Crafter. Birgit Kelm, head of Truck Customer Projects at Behr, emphasizes the company’s level of involvement: "We not only took responsibility for implementing the air conditioning system itself, but also provided customer support in our role as consultant and systems integrator. We combined all the HVAC components into a single system, irrespective of whether the components came from us or from another manufacturer.”The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter and the VW Crafter, developed in a joint project by DaimlerChrysler and VW, both have a standard heating system and the optional "Tempmatik” air conditioning system. When the temperature is adjusted manually, Tempmatik automatically fact Read more:System
Mercedes Benz Air Conditioning Compressor 2007-08-21 16:20:00 First of all, some compressors just wear out. You put a bazillion miles on them and their time is just simply up. However, the majority of the time the compressor fails is from lack of proper maintenance or the result of poor service procedures.Let's remember that most of the A/C compressors that Mercedes
Benz have used do not carry their own on board oil supply. The refrigerant oil is delivered throughout the system via the refrigerant.Just as you would not run your engine without oil people attempt to run the air conditioning compressors without oil. How does this happen? Underneath Read more:Mercedes Benz
, Compressor
Audi A/C System 2007-08-21 16:10:00 "Advantage through Technology"—this is the tagline being used by Audi in marketing their vehicles. True enough to this tagline, Audi has indeed introduced a lot of benchmarking technologies that made their vehicles standout in the luxury vehicle market. But Audi is not only good in developing new technologies; they are also good in adopting frequent technologies and perfecting them. An example of this is the Audi auto air conditioning system—a technology that Audi cannot claim as their own but have been perfected by the company to give their customers maximum driving pleasure.The Audi air conditioning system is made up of a group of high quality parts specifically designed to achieve one purpose together, and that is to make every Audi passenger feel comfortable even during the hottest summer day. Among the parts that make up the Audi AC system are the condenser, evaporator, receiver-drier and the thermal expansion valve. Central to all of these components, however, is the Audi AC Read more:System
Audi A/C Condenser 2007-08-21 16:01:00 Have you ever thought about how your auto air conditioning works? There are three main components in your air conditioning system: the evaporator, the compressor, and the condenser. The Audi AC condenser is perhaps the most recognizable component. When you look under your hood, at the front of your engine bay you may notice a part in front of your radiator that resembles a smaller radiator. This is your Audi AC condenser. Within your air conditioning system, your Audi AC condenser actually performs the same task as your radiator. Your air conditioning system circulates refrigerant, usually a Freon gas, through the engine and into your vehicle's cabin. When the refrigerant is in your cabin, it is not actually blowing cold air but absorbing heat. Once it has absorbed the heat from your cabin, the refrigerant is passed to your Audi AC condenser, which serves to radiate the heat by enlarging the surface area, much as your radiator does with heated coolant from the engine. This cooling pro
New Audi climate control 2007-08-21 15:53:00 Behr has developed a modular design concept for the fully automatic climate control system, which can be expanded from one climate zone to up to four. Behr realized a new mixing concept on very little installation space. The three-zone A/C system replaces the separate rear HVAC module and provides air conditioning to the rear of the vehicle, independent of the settings for driver and front seat passenger. Behr produces the climate control unit in its plant in Neustadt on the Danube. Many of the housing components are manufactured using the MuCell injection molding process. This means less weight and higher resistance to distortion. In the diesel variant, Behr has integrated a new generation PTC auxiliary heater.For the engine cooling system in the new A5, Behr is supplying both the 80 and the 64mm deep charge air coolers, as well as a variant of the main radiator for passenger vehicles equipped with the basic engine model. The special feature of the charge air cooler, which was develop
BMW Air Conditioners 2007-08-21 15:44:00 Air conditioner equipped in BMW usually serves the purpose of refrigerator. It transfers heat from one place to another. BMW air conditioner is equipped with five major components. They are compressor, refrigerant, condenser, expansion valve and dryer or evaporator. Refrigerant in the system is compressed by BMW compressor. BMW refrigerant carries away the heat. When the compressed refrigerant passed through the BMW condenser, the condenser turns hot. BMW expansion valve serve the purpose of nozzle. Heat to the refrigerant is added by the BMW evaporator or dryer. In this manner, BMW air conditioner works. BMW air conditioner clutch plays key role in electric engaging and disengaging. It works according to the commands from air conditioner system. Air conditioner electro-magnetic clutch is usually mounted at the front of air conditioning compressor. Designing of the air conditioner by different manufacturer may vary. The BMW air conditioning has been divided into two major sides. They
BMW AC Compressor 2007-08-21 08:35:00 When we are driving, we usually want to experience the same level of comfort that we are used to at home and at our workplace. Thanks to the introduction of the automobile air conditioning system, many things have changed especially when it comes to comfort and luxuriousness offered by the vehicle’s interior. The vehicle’s air conditioning system is the one responsible for blowing cool air to the passenger cabin. Basically, there are three different types of air conditioning system found in the vehicles today. Though they have differences the concept and design of these ac systems are very similar to one another. The most common components that can be seen in the automobile’s ac system are condenser, compressor, evaporator, thermal expansion bulb, orifice tube, receiver-drier and accumulator. If your vehicle possesses an orifice tube, it will not come with a thermal expansion valve because these two components have similar function. Likewise, a vehicle can have either Read more:Compressor
BMW A/C Condensers 2007-08-21 08:34:00 BMW has always been a brand of performance. “The Ultimate Driving Machine”—that has always been the name by which each and every vehicle that the company produces is marketed. For this reason, avid customers of BMW wouldn’t expect anything less than a performance vehicle from the company; and so far, the company hasn’t failed their expectations. BMW vehicles, however, are not only about performance, although no one can deny the exhilaration that can be brought by the performance of every BMW to its owner. BMW vehicles are also about comfort, with a wide array of features that can make every powerful ride enjoyable. And how else can one best describe comfort inside a BMW vehicle than by describing its excellent air conditioning system, composed of only high quality A/C parts like the BMW A/C condenser. The A/C condenser is that part of your vehicle’s air conditioning system responsible for radiating all the heat the A/C system has absorbed. The refrigerant enters
A/C System Overview 2007-08-20 16:47:00 There are three primary components in a vehicle’s air conditioning system including the compressor, condenser, and evaporator. These parts are connected by tubes and hoses to form a continuous path with two distinct sections: a high-pressure side and a low-pressure side. In order to transfer heat from the vehicle’s interior to the outside air, a chemical refrigerant is circulated throughout the system. In theory, the A/C system accomplishes the same task as the engine’s cooling system, in that both absorb the heat from one area and release it to another (heat transfer). While coolant remains a liquid during the heat transfer process however, refrigerant repeatedly alternates between a liquid and a gas as it circulates throughout the air conditioning system. Orifice tube air conditioning systems regulate refrigerant flow to the evaporator using a fixed metering device (orifice tube). In an expansion valve air conditioning system, refrigerant flow to the evaporator varies acc Read more:System
, Overview
Evaporator 2007-08-20 16:46:00 Located inside the vehicle, the evaporator serves as the heat absorption component. The evaporator provides several functions. Its primary duty is to remove heat from the inside of your vehicle. A secondary benefit is dehumidification. As warmer air travels through the aluminum fins of the cooler evaporator coil, the moisture contained in the air condenses on its surface. Dust and pollen passing through stick to its wet surfaces and drain off to the outside. On humid days you may have seen this as water dripping from the bottom of your vehicle. Rest assured this is perfectly normal. The ideal temperature of the evaporator is 32° Fahrenheit or 0° Celsius. Refrigerant enters the bottom of the evaporator as a low pressure liquid. The warm air passing through the evaporator fins causes the refrigerant to boil (refrigerants have very low boiling points). As the refrigerant begins to boil, it can absorb large amounts of heat. This heat is then carried off with the refrigerant to the outsi
Compressor 2007-08-20 16:46:00 Commonly referred to as the heart of the system, the compressor is a belt driven pump that is fastened to the engine. It is responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant gas. The A/C system is split into two sides, a high pressure side and a low pressure side; defined as discharge and suction. Since the compressor is basically a pump, it must have an intake side and a discharge side. The intake, or suction side, draws in refrigerant gas from the outlet of the evaporator. In some cases it does this via the accumulator. Once the refrigerant is drawn into the suction side, it is compressed and sent to the condenser, where it can then transfer the heat that is absorbed from the inside of the vehicle. Read more:Compressor
Condenser 2007-08-20 16:46:00 This is the area in which heat dissipation occurs. The condenser, in many cases, will have much the same appearance as the radiator in you car as the two have very similar functions. The condenser is designed to radiate heat. Its location is usually in front of the radiator, but in some cases, due to aerodynamic improvements to the body of a vehicle, its location may differ. Condensers must have good air flow anytime the system is in operation. On rear wheel drive vehicles, this is usually accomplished by taking advantage of your existing engine's cooling fan. On front wheel drive vehicles, condenser air flow is supplemented with one or more electric cooling fan(s). As hot compressed gasses are introduced into the top of the condenser, they are cooled off. As the gas cools, it condenses and exits the bottom of the condenser as a high pressure liquid.
Orifice Tube 2007-08-20 16:45:00 The orifice tube, probably the most commonly used, can be found in most GM and Ford models. It is located in the inlet tube of the evaporator, or in the liquid line, somewhere between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator. This point can be found in a properly functioning system by locating the area between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator that suddenly makes the change from hot to cold. You should then see small dimples placed in the line that keep the orifice tube from moving. Most of the orifice tubes in use today measure approximately three inches in length and consist of a small brass tube, surrounded by plastic, and covered with a filter screen at each end. It is not uncommon for these tubes to become clogged with small debris. While inexpensive, usually between three to five dollars, the labor to replace one involves recovering the refrigerant, opening the system up, replacing the orifice tube, evacuating and then recharging. With
Expansion Valve 2007-08-20 16:45:00 Another common refrigerant regulator is the thermal expansion valve, or TXV. Commonly used on import and aftermarket systems. This type of valve can sense both temperature and pressure, and is very efficient at regulating refrigerant flow to the evaporator. Several variations of this valve are commonly found. Another example of a thermal expansion valve is Chrysler's "H block" type. This type of valve is usually located at the firewall, between the evaporator inlet and outlet tubes and the liquid and suction lines. These types of valves, although efficient, have some disadvantages over orifice tube systems. Like orifice tubes these valves can become clogged with debris, but also have small moving parts that may stick and malfunction due to corrosion. Read more:Expansion
, Valve
Receiver-Drier 2007-08-20 16:44:00 The receiver-drier is used on the high side of systems that use a thermal expansion valve. This type of metering valve requires liquid refrigerant. To ensure that the valve gets liquid refrigerant, a receiver is used. The primary function of the receiver-drier is to separate gas and liquid. The secondary purpose is to remove moisture and filter out dirt. The receiver-drier usually has a sight glass in the top. This sight glass is often used to charge the system. Under normal operating conditions, vapor bubbles should not be visible in the sight glass. The use of the sight glass to charge the system is not recommended in R-134a systems as cloudiness and oil that has separated from the refrigerant can be mistaken for bubbles. This type of mistake can lead to a dangerous overcharged condition. There are variations of receiver-driers and several different desiccant materials are in use. Some of the moisture removing desiccants found within are not compatible with R-134a. The desiccant type
Accumulator 2007-08-20 16:44:00 Accumulators are used on systems that accommodate an orifice tube to meter refrigerants into the evaporator. It is connected directly to the evaporator outlet and stores excess liquid refrigerant. Introduction of liquid refrigerant into a compressor can do serious damage. Compressors are designed to compress gas not liquid. The chief role of the accumulator is to isolate the compressor from any damaging liquid refrigerant. Accumulators, like receiver-driers, also remove debris and moisture from a system. It is a good idea to replace the accumulator each time the system is opened up for major repair and anytime moisture and/or debris is of concern. Moisture is enemy number one for your A/C system. Moisture in a system mixes with refrigerant and forms a corrosive acid. When in doubt, it may be to your advantage to change the Accumulator or receiver in your system
Retofit Procedure 2007-08-20 16:43:00 1. Evacuate the R-12, if there is any left in the system. By law, this must be done without venting (releasing the gas into the atmosphere) by a certified mechanic using approved R-12 Recovery equipment. Many installers will do this without charge, because the R-12 they recover from your system is valuable 2. Attach Adaptor to the low-pressure port:The low-pressure port usually has a blue or black dust cap and is located on the larger diameter tubing that runs between the evaporator (in the dashboard) and the compressor (see FAQ, "How do I find the low-pressure port?"). Remove the dust cap . Attach the adapter to the low-pressure port. 3. Charge the System & Measure Pressure:Assemble the hose and refrigerant can. Be sure the engine is operating and the A/C is set to maximum cooling. Connect the hose to the low-pressure port and preceed to charge the system. Measure the system pressure at any time by closing the can valve. Refer to the pressure gauge chart for refrigerant leve Read more:Procedure
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