Owner: Para Justicia y Libertad! URL:http://xicanopwr.com/ Join Date: Sun, 20 Aug 2006 07:47:16 -0500 Rating:1 Site Description: This is a progressive political blog addressing issues of working class struggle, Xicano/Latino identity, and the institutional racism that is currently suppressing the common struggle for dignity and liberation. Site statistics:Click here
Pride in Our Own 2007-08-23 22:41:29 Pride in Our Own will be a new series on this blog highlighting the accomplishments of our Latin@ youth.
If you or anyone you know would like to be recognized for reaching a personal milestone, share it with your community. Use my contact page to send me a brief description of what has been achieved.
It is with great pride and immense satisfaction that I share with you the two individuals, Denise Pichardo of Carol City, FL and Adan Juarez of Garden Grove, CA, who embodies “hope of a different tomorrow” for our Latin@ youth. Because they never gave up, because they kept working hard, both Wilma and Jesse succeeded in spite of the odds against them. These impressive individuals overcame the odds that were already stacked against them and proved the naysayers wrong.
Denise Pichardo
Denise Pichardo of Carol City, FL was the valedictorian of Carol City High’s 2007 graduation class. She graduated with a 5.25 grade point average, was the first Dominican valedictorian in Caro Read more:Pride
Immigration and The Complexities of Diversity 2007-08-22 14:30:47 When people uproot themselves, all people - immigrant and US-born - yearn to maintain security, stability, and dignity in their new communities, especially if the environment is unfamiliar and hostile. This endeavor is as old as human history. In a recent study that has received significant media attention, Robert Putnam, author of “Bowling Alone,” found that social capital in the form of neighborhood friendships and political involvement has been diminished by racial/ethnic diversity in communities.
Social capital represents one of the most powerful and popular metaphors used to describe personal interactions within a community. It is broadly understood as community relations that affect personal interactions, social capital has been used to explain voting patterns to health issues to the economic success of countries. I have heard of Putman before he became well know after his book Bowling Alone. My first job after I graduated grad school, Putnam had already made a name f Read more:Diversity
Celebrating Another Birthday Today 2007-08-28 01:05:11 Today I will be celebrating my birthday! The sad thing about today, it falls in the middle of the week, so there is not much planned for this week. Life is funny sometimes, I remember when my birthday was the most important day. As a kid, I would toss and turn all night long the night before my birthday thinking about how much fun the following day would be. Back then, school began in September, during that time I could expect a party, friends, cousins, a Tejano style b-b-que, cake, pinatas…the works.
Now that I am in my 30s, well, birthdays have become a thing I try and forget or ignore and harder I try, faster they come. I really can’t complain much because the good things outweighed the disappointments. My circle of friends has grown. Even though I have never met them, except for two, each one has left a mark on my life in their own special way. All have helped prepare me for what ever the future may hold and helped me see things a little clearer.
We often take things Read more:Birthday
, Today
BREAKING: Alberto Gonzales Resigns 2007-08-27 11:14:34 The New York Times is reporting Alberto
“Torture Guy” Gonzales
will announced his resignation this morning over at the President Bush’s ranch in Crawford, Texas. (h/t from Matt Ortega and Think Progress). According to the Times, Gonzales submitted his resignation to President Bush by telephone last Friday, but it was not announced until after the president invited him and his wife to lunch at his ranch near here.
The sad news is that U.S. News reported he will be replaced by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff.
The buzz among top Bushies is that beleaguered Attorney General Alberto Gonzales
finally plans to depart and will be replaced by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff. Why Chertoff? Officials say he’s got fans on Capitol Hill, is untouched by the Justice prosecutor scandal, and has more experience than Gonzales did, having served as a federal judge and assistant attorney general.
The news of his resignation is very surprising considering
Protests Planned Along the Texas-Mexico Border 2007-08-24 15:25:56 This weekend there will be to protests taking place along the Texas
-MexicoBorder
. Normally I would tried to tend one of these protests and later report on them but, unfortunately, this will not be happening since the only mode of transportation I did have was a borrowed one and is no longer in my possession. For those are along the border, this is what is taking place.
This Saturday, BorderAmbassadors.com will kick off “Hands Across el Rio,” at two points along the border — El Paso and Mission, Texas — groups from both sides of el Rio Grande/Bravo will be forming a human chains across the bridges to form a united front in making the strongest statement to Washington that construction of a border fence is not wanted by residents of the region, on either side of the border. Hands Across El Rio is a 16-day border protest against the border wall.
While the Hands Across El Rio protest is taking place, another protest will be taking place in Mission, Tejas from the No Bord Read more:Protests
“We are all Elvira” 2007-08-29 18:37:45 The deportation of immigrant rights activist Elvira
Arellano by federal authorities on August 20 has been seen either as a blow or as the reigniting of the immigrant rights movement. I know I have seen my fair share of comments of support on this blog, as well a large number of vile comments about her and her plight that are still in the moderation queue. As humans, we have a tendency to demonize a person to justify our dislike. Regardless how a person worded their comment, their message was the same, Arellano is just another attention grabbing, “criminal alien and immigration fugitive,” unfairly using her American-born son as an Elián González for a pro-immigration agenda.
Arellano, the woman at the center of the storm is a 32-year old single mother, a former airport worker and undocumented immigrant. On Aug 15, 2006, Arellano took her son Saúl, born in the US and therefore a citizen, and entered Adalberto United Methodist church. Since then, she has spent a year living
Just Ahead of AlterNet, Right Below MotherJones, Life’s Little Surprises 2007-09-23 07:50:04 I hardly ever tut my own horn, I figure, if I am nominated for an award great, if not, it’s all good. Sure, I was nominated for the award over at Wampum, the Thinking Award and for the Best Political Blogger at the blogger choice awards. They are all great, like those who are dedicated to social justice, I do it because somebody has to do stand up and be a voice for the voiceless, however, some of us do it in our own different ways or as Nez puts it, our own journeys.
Anyway, as I was checking my stats, I noticed someone visited my site via the Blogger Choice Awards. I decided to check it just to humor myself. Last time I was on the site, I had about five or eight votes a few months back, however, it is up to 13 votes. As of this writing 16 votes considering I shared this story among friends. What caught my eye were the two sites that were between me - above AlterNet and below Mother Jones.
We are so busy in this hectic and madding world we oftentimes forget to stop and smell the ro Read more:Right
, Below
The Few, the Proud, the Military’s “Green Card” Soldiers 2007-09-21 23:02:49 Here are some facts about the DREAM Act nobody really wants to hear about. The connections with the Pentagon are becoming crystal clear. This is nothing more than a stealthy military recruiting component for the military’s and the chickhawk’s poverty draft. Some many feel I am being a pendejo this legislation would allow many of our undocumented students to regularize their status by serving in the front lines of this country’s illegal and unjust war. Doesn’t anybody see the that as a problem. By supporting this bill and vocally opposing the war, we are nothing more but hypocrites. Last July, Senator Dick Durbin showed his true colors regarding undocumented immigrants. Sure he is vocal against the war, however, he is against sending US born citizens to Iraq, he has no problem sending the “Brown.” Remarks from the Congressional Record.
On the floor of the Senate, when we return next week, we will resume consideration of the Defense authorization bi Read more:Proud
, Military
, Green
, Soldiers
EL PENDEJO 2007-09-18 16:03:16 Time for a short break from the serious. I received this email from my father.
Bookmark to:
Jena 6 Update: Mychal Bell’s Conviction Overturned 2007-09-17 21:50:57 Acting on an emergency defense appeal, Louisiana’s Third Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the aggravated second-degree battery conviction of Mychal Bell, 17, ruling that the youth had been tried improperly as an adult. Mychal Bell, the first of the six black students to stand before a judge, was tried as an adult, convicted of aggravated second-degree battery, and was about to face up to 15 years in prison for beating up a white classmate. The September 2006 beating allegedly stems from an incident in which some white students hung nooses from a tree at the high school because black students sat under it.
Bell has been in jail since December because he has been unable to post a $90,000 bond, unlike the other five students. Carwin Jones, Theo Shaw and Robert Bailey Jr, all initially charged with attempted-murder charges, now face aggravated-battery charges. An unidentified minor is being tried in juvenile courts. It has also been reported that District Attorney Reed Walters, will be Read more:Update
, Conviction
Texas Progressive Alliance Weekly Blog Round-Up 2007-09-17 09:07:11 (Note: It is starting to look like all this blog- blood, sweat, and tears is starting to pay off. I was just recently invite to be a member of the TexasProgressiveAlliance
. I am working on some independent and group projects, so keep checking back and stay tune because this blog will be spreading on salsa picante truth and mad XicanoPwr love.)
It’s Monday, and that means it’s time for another Texas Progressive Alliance Blog Round-Up. This week’s round up is compiled by Vince from Capitol Annex. As the TPA welcomed aboard a few new members this week, you may notice some new names and blogs.
Muse at Musings liveblogs Lap Dog Cornyn’s portion of Petraeus’ appearance before the Senate Armed Services Committee this past week and notes that he slobbers all over himself praising the surge.
McBlogger at McBlogger goes to the CAMPO meeting on the Phase 2 toll roads and finds lies, damn lies and statistics as well as an Austin City Council Member who seems hell be Read more:Weekly
La Lucha Sigue: EPR Strikes Again 2007-09-15 15:24:13 Last Monday, after being in hiatus for a couple of months, the People’s Revolutionary Army, or EPR, once again struck Mexico’s state-owned oil company Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex). And once again, the attack on Mexico’s state-owned oil installations disrupted gas supplies, which caused the latest spike in oil and gas prices. Economically, Pemex and thousands of businesses lost hundreds of millions of dollars in lost production.
According to the Miami Herald, the explosions could be seen miles away, as the flames and black smoke rose above the Gulf coast state of Veracruz. There were no reports of injuries, but over 20,000 people were evacuated from the area as a precaution.
Economic Loses
Due to the lack of fuel because the attack shut down the pipeline running between Mexico City and Guadalajara, Volkswagen de Mexico, Volkswagen’s only manufacturing facility in North America, along with another major auto plant, and over 2,000 companies across the country wer Read more:Strikes
, Again
Si, se puede! 2007-09-13 16:53:36 Saul Arellano leads the protest over families being broken up caused by our broken immigration laws. Saulito led a chanting crowd of about 150 pro-immigration activists through the halls of Congress yesterday. The banner reads “Born in the USA. Don’t take our moms and dads away.”
Bookmark to:
Hate Crimes: The New Politics of Racism 2007-09-12 13:14:39 Americans are proud that we are people with different backgrounds, faiths, viewpoints, and personal characteristics. However, there is a recent rise in hate crimes that contradicts the American identity as a caring, diverse and inclusive society. Since 9/11, an increasingly strident message of xenophobia has seeped into both fringe and mainstream political movements. A new climate of exclusion has formed as a result of this country’s heightened anxiety against racial, ethnic, and religious minorities. In this climate, violence toward those who are deemed outsiders because of their sexual orientation, gender, or disability may be less visible, but it is no less threatening.
Outside of the public view, the number of hate crimes taking place in the US is on the rise. This new climate of hate taking place in neighborhoods, educational institutions, and workplaces has made African Americans, Latinas/os, Asian/Pacific Americans, immigrants, gender and sexual orientation bias, and disab Read more:Crimes
, Racism
Houston’s Labor Day Protest Report 2007-09-09 08:30:59 Increasing globalization has stimulated an unprecedented flow of immigrants. Integrating immigrants and the subsequent generations into the receiving society is a primary challenge of globalization; failing to do so, however, can have long term social implications.
As I mentioned before, this past Labor Day weekend I attended another demonstration against this country’s use of the prison-industrial complex to detain undocumented immigrants. Like the previous rally, Houston
’s local organization, Sin Fronteras Defense Committee, held the protest in front of Corrections Corporation of America’s (CCA) Houston Processing Center.
This time around, there were a lot more press this time around than the previous one. Those from the fourth estate who showed up were, El Dia (Houston’s first Spanish language daily), KTRH 740 AM, CBS local affiliate KHOU, NBC local affiliate KPRC, Telemundo and Univision. The press conference was kicked off by RoB of the Sin Fronteras Defen Read more:Protest
Friday Music Blogging 2007-09-07 23:31:29 Chingo Bling’s new album, They Can’t Deport Us All, came out last month and the conservative talk shows tried to take him down. Sabes que, no way wey. During the opening week, his album open at No. 11 on Billboard’s Top Rap Albums chart and at No. 4 on the Heatseekers chart, selling 6,000 units in its opening week.
Click on the pic to listen to Chingo Bling’s controversial songs, They Can’t Deport Us All and Like This N Like That
Bookmark to:
Read more:Friday
, Music
, Blogging
A Tribute to Mi Abuelita 2007-09-28 19:12:28 I want to express my heartfelt appreciation and thanks to Nezua and Man Eegee for guest blogging while I was away on family matters. Although I have never met them, nor personally communicated with them other than through email and blog comments, it is wonderful to know there are people out there willing to lend a hand during times like these.
As some of you have read, mi abuelita passed away. She was 98 years old when she died. She was alive to witness the births of 17 grandchildren, 20 great grandchildren and 2 great great grandchildren. During the last couple of years, her Alzheimer’s had already taken its toll. Since her operation last year, she was bed ridden ever since. A year has gone by since and it seems she has finally let go. She held on through everything for about a year, and from what I was told, sometime around 2:30AM, Sunday morning, she passed away. Even though I knew it was just a matter of time, it still hurts. I helped look after her the last few years of her
Ruben Salazar Memorialized on Stamp 2007-09-27 11:52:29
Crossposted from Latino Político
Our brother will be receiving an honor for his martyrdom
The U.S. Postal Service next year will issue a commemorative stamp in honor of slain Los Angeles Times reporter and columnist Reuben Salazar
, the Times reported. “He was a groundbreaker for Latinos in this country, but his work spoke to all Americans,” Postmaster Gen. John E. Potter told the Times in a story by staff writer Louis Sahagun. “By giving voice to those who didn’t have one, Ruben
Salazar worked to improve life for everybody. His reporting of the Latino experience in this country set a standard that’s rarely met even today.” Salazar was killed in 1970 at age 42 while covering a riot in East Los Angeles. He was hit in the head by a tear gas projectile fired by a sheriff’s deputy.
linkage
Ruben’s story is one that echoes many Xicanos/Mexicanos in the United States. Our very identity does not recognize borders - nuestra cultura lives within Read more:Stamp
New York Enacts Humane License Change 2007-09-26 14:10:32 GOOD NEWS from New York
:
THE NEW YORK IMMIGRATION COALITIONPress Statement
For Immediate Release, September 21, 2007 Contact: Norman Eng, 212-627-2227 x235
New Driver’s License
Policy Is a Win for All New Yorkers
Statement of Chung-Wha Hong, executive director of The New York Immigration Coalition:
New York State’s new driver’s license policy, announced today by Governor Spitzer, is a win-win for immigrants and for all New Yorkers and a giant step forward for public safety. Not only will the new policy enable more New Yorkers to get licensed and insured, making our roads much safer, but it will also make our licensing system far more secure and immune to fraud.
The NYIC has called for a better licensing process ever since former Governor Pataki instituted a controversial immigrant exclusion policy in 2002. The old policy undermined public safety and hindered law enforcement by creating a huge population without records or identification and denying them the ability to driv Read more:Change
Concentration Camp Slated for Virginia 2007-09-26 11:08:20 Virginia has seen an escalation (surge?) of policies targeting migrant and Latino populations. The latest involves a recommendation to build the newest U.S. concentration camp.
A panel studying illegal immigration in Virginia wants to build a 1,000-bed state jail solely for people arrested for being in the United States illegally. The Illegal Immigration Task Force agreed to 11 recommendations Monday in an effort to tighten enforcement of immigration laws. The new jail was one of them.
linkage
Since the current detention program in the U.S. for undocumented migrants has been so successful, it’s no wonder that locales are interested in expanding its scope. Perhaps the shiny barbed-wire and polished concrete will make a suitable environment for the children.
Bookmark to:
Read more:Concentration
, Slated
, Virginia
Gracias a la Vida: A Guest Post By Nezua 2007-09-25 08:28:47 HOLA and good to see ya! My name is Nezua Limón Xolagrafik-Jonez and I can be found at The Unapologetic Mexican. Today I am guest posting for mi blogmigo, XP. Our host is away for a bit, as there has been a death in his familia. So, myself and a few amigos de XP and appreciators of this fine blogspace have agreed to fill in when possible, as we cannot let the blog go cold! That would never do.
I hope you aren’t too thrown off by the difference between my style and XP’s, and I will do all I can to respect his space. After all, I’m the one who made the banner for this snazzy blog! Let’s all take a moment to admire XP’s fine banner.
One more moment.
Okay, that’s good enough. Damn, you think you’d people have nothing better to do than sit around and admire my handiwork. (But it does say good things about you.)
I guess for myself, I’ve been thinking a lot this past couple weeks on mortality. Members of my own familia, especially the elder on Read more:Gracias
, Guest
Texas Fraternity To Throw Racist Theme Event 2007-10-02 15:27:19 More racist theme parties, here we go again. I received an email informing that a UT Austin fraternity is planning to have a “Cholo/Ghetto Mexican” Rush Event where participants are to dress up and act as “Cholos” or “Ghetto Mexicans.” (h/t to Luissana Santibanez)
Attn Compas/os –
A UT Austin fraternity is planning to have a “Cholo/Ghetto Mexican” Rush Event where participants are to dress up and act as “Cholos” or “Ghetto Mexicans.”
(Click here to read the article in UT’s newspaper, the Daily Texan.)
This will be the second racist party hosted by a UT fraternity in a year!!! Last year, UT made national headlines when UT Law students hosted a “Ghetto Fabulous” party where participants were to dress in black-face. It is apparent that race relations are an issue on the UT Austin campus and that UT administration has failed to address the issue of tolerance and race relations.
Last year, the Black Read more:Texas
, Throw
, Racist
, Theme
Texas Progressive Alliance Blog Round-Up 2007-10-02 07:05:36 It’s time for another installment of the TexasProgressiveAlliance
’s Blog Round-Up. This week’s round-up was complied by Vince from Capitol Annex.
Blue 19th wonders: Can someone ask Randy Neugebauer why he hates college students?
Evan at the Houston GLBT Political Caucus Blog asks where’s Human Rights Campaign as leaders in congress are considering leaving transgender works out of ENDA because, unlike other GLBT political organizations, H.R.C. has been silent so far, and that’s unacceptable.
In How are these alike? Fort Worth and Wise County TXsharon of Bluedaze warns Fort Worth residents about the dangers of Barnett Shale drilling, conflicts of interest and good old boy politics.
McBlogger goes all medieval on the Texas Transportation Commission’s derriere… Like toll roads? Not McBlogger!
Texas Kaos community member Carol Gee gives a primer on terms we’re all going to need to become much more familiar with in 50 Ways to Understand the
Another Blow for Chertoff’s No Match Letters 2007-10-01 22:09:42 A second federal judge blocked the Bush administration from notifying the nation’s employers that they face possible prosecution for knowingly employing undocumented immigrants unless they fire workers whose Social Security numbers do not match federal records.
Prior today’s ruling, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff
had announced on Aug. 10 that the Social Security Administration (SSA) would be sending letters to employers informing them that a name and social security number does not match SSA records. Under the new rule, employers would have automatically been deputized as de facto immigration enforcement officers.
US District Judge Charles Breyer extended a previous temporary restraining order that was issued on Aug 31, that prevented the rule from taking effect. Breyer said he would rule within 10 days on whether to issue a preliminary injunction that would suspend the administration’s plan indefinitely. Breyer added:
“There would be irreparable Read more:Match
, Letters
Is Today The First Day Of The Rest Of Your Life? 2007-10-01 13:10:20 How you respond to adversity in life? According to Martin Seligman, a renowned psychologist and clinical researcher, there are three levels on which to evaluate things: whether the event is personal, whether it is permanent, and whether it is pervasive. He states that pessimists believe that the bad events in their are their fault and tend to undermine everything in order for bad events to occur. Optimists, on the other hand, believe that defeat is a temporary setback or a challenge - it doesn’t knock them down. It’s amazing how change can occur when is aware and is willing to challenge adversity. And this is topic of this month’s 5th Edition of the Carnival of Radical Action hosted by Sudy at A Womyn’s Ecdysis - Change.
The difference between change and Revolutionary Change is its relationship to Truth. Regular change - shift in situation, alteration of state - transpires everywhere and anywhere. It occurs in the media, in our homes, in ourselves, and in our r Read more:Today
, First
, First Day
Jena 6 Update: Mychal Bell is Released on $45,000 Bail 2007-09-30 23:43:36 After spending almost 10 months behind bars, Mychal Bell is finally free after a local judge set the bail for $45,000. This came hours after a LaSalle Parish District Attorney Reed Walters told a nationally televised press conference, he would no longer seek an adult trial for the Mychal. Walters had said he would appeal that ruling, but decided to drop the case once Louisiana Gov. Kathleen Blanco, who had declined for months to get directly involved in the Jena case, decided to intervene, according to the Chicago Tribune. However, the Washington Post is reporting that Walters decided not to prosecute because “it was in the best interest of the victim, Justin Barker, and his family to let the juvenile court handle the case.”
According to 2theadvocate.com, after a meeting held in Baton Rouge between Blanco, Sharpton and Martin Luther King III on Wednesday, Blanco told reporters at a press conference she asked Walters to drop his appeal and let Bell’s case stay in juve Read more:Update
Mychal Bell Back In Jail and More Nooses on the Loose 2007-10-13 23:20:12 Mychal Bell, one of the Black students known as the Jena 6, is back in jail. Bell, was ordered to spend 18 months in a juvenile facility, after a judge determined he had violated his probation for earlier juvenile convictions.
According to CNN, the decision to send Bell to the juvenile facility came at the end of a two-day juvenile court hearing that was closed to the public and media. Judge J.P. Mauffrey agreed with prosecutors that Bell had violated the probation he was given for four previous juvenile offenses, including two simple battery charges because of the alleged fight Bell and the other five Black students had with White student Justin Barker back in December 2006.
Civil rights activist Al Sharpton told reports that the ruling the judge made was based on “revenge” and he is now asking Louisiana Gov. Kathleen Blanco to intervene on the matter. It is interesting how the prosecutors (AKA District Attorney Reed Walters) decided to pursue this just two week after Bel Read more:Loose
Beyond the Nation-State 2007-10-12 16:01:23 Nation-states are actually modern developments. Regional, linguistic, ethnic, class, religious, and other forms of solidarity or connection that were either smaller or larger were to be radically subordinated to national identity. The only reason why US was able to succeed is that it has been able to persuade wave after wave of immigrants to relinquish all competing attachments and to identify with this country, this land, and to be part of this experiment in settlement. In return, the US promised to protect its citizens at home and abroad, hence the importance of borders and the promise of protection is the passport.
Although the Civil War is the moral core of American history, it was nonetheless part of the larger history of the invention of the modern nation-state. That new understanding of nation transformed the political meaning of slavery and established the logic of Lincoln’s famous “House Divided” speech. The house had always been divided, and maintaining poli Read more:State
Green Card Soldiers: How the US Army Recruits Them 2007-10-11 16:19:12 The US military says it has met its recruitment goals for 2007. However, signing new soldiers is getting more difficult. New figures reveal there has been a 40 percent drop in African-Americans signing up for the army.
Watch the lies they are telling our kids. As one of the put it, “there is peer pressure and there is army pressure.”
There is a movement to have the DREAM Act pass. However, after much soul searching, I simply cannot send any more people in harms way knowing that the conditions of our Latino schooling will make military enlistment the only “choice” for our undocumented youth because in predominantly Latino high schools, military recruiters outnumber college representatives five to one. How can we overlook the amount of evidence about the misleading tactics military recruiters use to trick Latino youth to enlist. This decision is a decision of the head and the heart, reason and compassion, and it is not a decision taken lightly.
I understand that Read more:Green
, Soldiers
, Recruits
The Latino Challenge to Black America: Q & A With Earl Ofari Hutchinson 2007-10-11 06:51:19 As I mentioned at the beginning of the week Earl
Ofari Hutchinson will be around to promote his newly published book The LatinoChallenge
to BlackAmerica
: Towards a Conversation Between African-Americans and Hispanics. Mr. Hutchinson will be around for a short time to answer any further questions or followups.
I would like to point out even though the book focuses on Latinos as a whole, some of you will notice, there are certain question I only reference Mexican Americans, instead of Latinas/os. As some of you know there has been a long running racial tension between African Americans and Latinos/as, mainly with Mexican Americans. These tensions date back around the time of Texas independence and when the US annexed a third of Mexico’s territory following the Mexican War. However, it was during the time, 1920s, when Mexican Americans were trying to attain a certain level of “Whiteness” when tensions between Mexican Americans and African Americans really started. As Read more:Black America
Recommend Site To A Friend
