Owner: Biotechnology - Bio Genetics URL:http://bio-genetic.blogspot.com Join Date: Mon, 27 Oct 2008 22:05:10 -0500 Rating:0 Site Description: Gene therapy is a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat diseases. Genes control heredity and provide the basic biological code for determining a cell's specific functions.. Continue reading.... Site statistics:Click here
Types of Gene therapy and general strategies 2008-10-28 12:11:26 Gene therapy may be classified into two types1) Germ line gene therapy2) Somatic cell gene therapya) Incase of germ line gene therapy germ cells that is sperms or eggs are modified by the introduction of functional genes, which are ordinarily integrated into their genomes. Therefore the change due to therapy is heritable and passed onto the later generations. This approach, heretically, is highly
Human Gene Therapy 2008-10-28 11:58:40 Human beings suffer from more than 5000 different diseases caused by single gene mutations, e.g., cystic fibrosis acatalasis, hunting tons chorea, tay sachs disease, lisch nyhan syndrome, sickle cell anemia, mitral stenosis, hunter's syndrome, haemophilia, several forms of muscular dystrophy etc. In addition, many common disorders like cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis and mental illness seem Read more:Therapy
Human genetic map - Read your DNA 2008-10-27 11:44:56 Article by Bobbie Johnson, San Francisco, October 07 2008It took hundreds of scientists 13 years and $3bn (£1.7bn) to decode the human genome: now one company says it is ready to slash the cost of reading your DNA to just $5,000. California-based Complete Genomics has announced that it will begin offering the service later this month, after developing new methods that reduce the price of sequenci Read more:genetic
The ethics of gene therapy 2008-10-23 02:40:10 While gene therapy holds promise as a revolutionary approach to treating disease, ethical concerns over its use and ramifications have been expressed by scientists and lay people alike. For example, since much needs to be learned about how these genes actually work and their long-term effect, is it ethical to test these therapies on humans, where they could have a disastrous result? As with most c
The future of gene therapy 2008-10-23 02:38:24 Gene therapy seems elegantly simple in its concept: supply the human body with a gene that can correct a biological malfunction that causes a disease. However, there are many obstacles and some distinct questions concerning the viability of gene therapy. For example, viral vectors must be carefully controlled lest they infect the patient with a viral disease. Some vectors, like retroviruses, also
The human genome project 2008-10-23 02:34:14 Although great strides have been made in gene therapy in a relatively short time, its potential usefulness has been limited by lack of scientific data concerning the multitude of functions that genes control in the human
body. For instance, it is now known that the vast majority of genetic material does not store information for the creation of proteins, but rather is involved in the control and r
Diseases targeted for treatment by gene therapy 2008-10-23 02:32:22 The potential scope of gene therapy is enormous. More than 4,200 diseases have been identified as resulting directly from abnormal genes, and countless others that may be partially influenced by a person's genetic makeup. Initial research has concentrated on developing gene therapies for diseases whose genetic origins have been established and for other diseases that can be cured or improved by su
The history of gene therapy 2008-10-23 02:26:35 In the early 1970s, scientists proposed "gene surgery" for treating inherited diseases caused by faulty genes. The idea was to take out the disease-causing gene and surgically implant a gene that functioned properly. Although sound in theory, scientists, then and now, lack the biological knowledge or technical expertise needed to perform such a precise surgery in the human body.However, in 1983, a
Gene Therapy - Viral Vectors 2008-10-23 02:12:46 In both types of therapy, scientists need something to transport either the entire gene or a recombinant DNA to the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes and DNA reside. In essence, vectors are molecular delivery trucks. One of the first and most popular vectors developed were viruses because they invade cells as part of the natural infection process. Viruses have the potential to be excellent vec Read more:Therapy
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The biological basis of gene therapy 2008-10-23 01:49:16 Gene TherapyGene therapy is a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat diseases. Genes control heredity and provide the basic biological code for determining a cell's specific functions. Gene therapy seeks to provide genes that correct or supplant the disease-controlling functions of cells that are not, in essence, doing their job. Somatic gene therapy
First Human Gene Therapy 2008-11-09 05:26:24 On September 14, 1990 at the U.S. National Institutes of Health W. French Anderson, M.D., and his colleagues R. Michael Blaese, M.D., C. Bouzaid, M.D., and Kenneth Culver, M.D., performed the first approved gene therapy procedure on four-year old Ashanthi DeSilva. Born with a rare genetic disease called severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), she lacked a healthy immune system, and was vulnerable Read more:First
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Microbiology 2008-11-05 09:04:23 Microbiology is the study of micro organisms, which are unicellular or cell-cluster microscopic organisms. This includes eukaryotes such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes such as bacteria and certain algaes.Viruses, though not strictly classed as living organisms, are also studied. People that study the field of microbiology are known as microbiologists.Although much is now known in the field
Genetic Engineering 2008-11-05 08:55:24 Genetic engineering, genetic modification (GM) and gene splicing are terms for the process of manipulating genes, usually outside the organism's natural reproductive process.It involves the isolation, manipulation and reintroduction of DNA into cells or model organisms, usually to express a protein. The aim is to introduce new characteristics or attributes physiologically or physically, such as ma
RNA Splicing 2008-12-07 12:42:00 In the initial stage, RNA transcript introns are synthesized which are removed later on by a process called RNA splicing ( refer picture below). The junctions of intron-exon have a GU sequences at the intron’s 5’-end, and an AG sequence at its 3’OH end. These two sequences are recognized by the special RNA molecule known as small nuclear RNA (snRNA) or snurps (Steitz, 1988).These together wi
Mycorrhizas as biofertilizers 2008-12-07 12:04:00 Mycorrhiza (fungus roots) is a distinct morphological structure which develops as a result of mutualistic symbiosis between some specific root – inhabitating fungai and plant roots. Plants which suffer from nutrient scarcity, especially P and N, develop mycorrhiza i.e. the plants belong to all groups e.g. herbs, shrubs, trees, aquatic, xerophytes, epiphytes, hydrophytes or terrestrial ones. In m
Biofertilizers 2008-12-04 07:35:00 Nitrogenous fertilizers produced in industry by Haber-Bosch process consume high energy (about 13,500 K Cal/Kg N fixed). In such industries, fossil fuel is the source of energy. In recent years, due to Gulf crisis, the cost of crude oil increased about three fold within a year. Therefore, fossil fuel (oil and coal) based method of farming has become more expensive accordingly. To combat with this
Micromeres of the sea urchin embryo 2008-11-23 05:56:00 Sixth cleavage sea urchin embryo.The micromeres are four small blastomers which at the fourth cleavage are segregated at the vegetal pole of the embryo due to the fact that in the macromers the spindle is strongly shifted towards the vegetal pole. The micromeres are committed to the formation of the primary mesenchyme and exert two important roles in morphogenesis:1. They are responsible for the c
Chromosome elimination in Hemiptera 2008-11-23 04:47:00 Chromosome elimination is a frequent occurrence in Hemiptera; one of the most interesting cases is that of Sciara. In Sciara coprophila the zygote carries the x chromosomes, one contributed by the egg and two by the spermatozoon (this results from an equational non dis-junction of the maternally derived x chromosome at the second meiotic division in the male following the selective elimination of
Segration of Cell lines in the Embryo 2008-11-22 22:09:00 In all multi cellular organism, the cleavage of the egg gives rise to cells which differ from one another and which, through successive cell divisions, will eventually give rise to homogeneous Cell populations (cell lines) each endowed with its own specific developmental program. This not only implies a process of sorting out of molecules (either pre-existing in the egg before fertilization or bei
ENZYMES 2008-11-17 10:47:00 1. The following is a group-specific enzyme:A. PepsinB. AminopeptidaseC. Phospholipase DD. All of the aboveAnswer: D. All the above2. The following is a substrate-specific enzyme:A. HexokinaseB. ThiokinaseC. LactaseD. AminopeptidaseAnswer: C. Lactase3. The following is not a substrate-specific enzyme:A. GlucokinaseB. FructokinaseC. HexokinaseD. PhospofructokinaseAnswer: C. Hexokinase4. Chymotrypsi
GENETIC CODE AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 2008-11-17 09:06:00 1. Anticodons are present on:A. Coding strand of DNA.B. mRNAC. tRNAD. rRNAAnswer: C. tRNA2. Codons are present on:A. Non-coding strand of DNAB. hnRNAC. tRNAD. None of the aboveAnswer: B. hnRNA3. Nonsense codons are present on:A. mRNAB. tRNAC. rRNAD. None of the aboveAnswer: A. mRNA4. Genetic code is said to be degenerate because:A. It can undergo mutationB. A large proportion of DNA is non-codingC
CHEMISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATES 2008-11-17 08:32:00 1. Number of asymmetric carbon atom in glucose is:A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. FourAnswer: D. Four2. Beta-1, 4-Glycosidic bond is present in:A. MaltoseB. LactoseC. SucroseD. None of the above.Answer: B. Lactose3. Number of stereoisomers of glucose is:A. 4B. 8C. 16D. None of the aboveAnswer: C.164. A homopolysaccharide made up of fructose is:A. GlycogenB. DextrinC. CelluloseD. InulinAnswer: D. Inulin5. A
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