My Lai and the Iraq Invasion
2007-03-29 16:40:00
Last month marked the fourth anniversary of the U.S. invasion of Iraq
and the thirty-ninth anniversary of the My Lai massacre, in which U.S. soldiers slaughtered more than 400 Vietnamese women, children and elders.Gene Stoltzfus, who would become director of Christian Peacemaker Teams, went to Vietnam in 1963 as an education and development worker. He resigned from his U.S.-funded position five years later, because he thought the government was using it as a fig leaf to hide the enormous harm the U.S. military was inflicting on the Vietnamese (two million of whom died by the war's end.) As he was traveling around the U.S. in 1968, speaking about what he had witnessed, he heard about My Lai from colleagues. Knowing that similar atrocities had occurred and gone unreported, he did not expect the world to pay much attention. However, the story hit the media in 1969 and My Lai became symbol of all that was evil about America's involvement in Vietnam.In 2003 and 2004, Stoltzfus travele
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Webs of Corruption and Resistance
2007-03-19 15:18:00
When I got back from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in Fall 2005, I contacted "Tikkun Magazine" and pitched an article to an editor I've worked with in the past about how armed groups there used rape as a weapon of war. She was interested, but said she was leery of representing Africans as savages, because too many North American media outlets have perpetuated that racist stereotype. I told her that the Congolese we met who were ministering to rape survivors connected their nation's tragedy to Western corporations who were dumping enormous amounts of armaments into the Congo and benefiting from the pillage of the DRC's vast mineral resources. That connection was the angle she wanted for the piece, she said. Before the article appeared, she passed on a draft to a colleague who was editing a follow-up book to John Perkins' 2004 bestseller, "Confessions of an Economic Hit Man"(more than 500,000 sold.) He asked me to adapt the Tikkun article into a chapter for the new
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, Resistance
Christian Peace Witness for Iraq - Following the Prince of Peace
2007-03-12 16:12:00
Friends,The Christian
Peace
Witness
(www.christianpeacewitness.org) is a week away. Next Friday night, March 16th, there will be thousands of Christians who will gather to worship together at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. at 7:00 p.m. Following
our worship service, we will create a joyous procession to the White House, celebrating the Prince
of Peace as we walk three and a half miles down Massachusetts Avenue. Worship will continue in Lafayette Park in front of the White House, and at around 10:00 or 10:30, we will surround the White House in a circle of light and prayers for peace and an end to the war in Iraq
.Simultaneously, there will be close to one hundred other services going on across the country as Christians gather to insist that we are united by the Jesus who chose the way of the cross. Together, we stand against this war.As of now, close to 3,500 people have registered on-line as participants, with more signing on each day. Perhaps most significantly, over 700 o
In the Shadow of the Ark – Provoost’s Novel About Noah and the Flood
2007-03-05 20:44:00
In In the Shadow
of the Arkbest-selling author Anne Provoostgives us a novel based on the account in Genesis 6-9 of Noah and the deluge. Provoost sees the story of Noah as among other things the mother of all disaster stories. She packs it with violence, sex, suspense, psychological insight, and–yes–some theological speculation about the God who destroys humankind but saves the unworthy elect. The story is told through the eyes of Re Jana, a dark-skinned outsider, whose father, a master boat-builder, comes to aid Noah in the huge construction project. A whole city of builders, wives, children, zoo keepers, and more have gathered, and nearby are a remarkable assortment of animals. Re Jana is soon involved in an illicit love affair with Ham, Noah’s youngest son. Since there is not even a lake for many miles, most speculate that this, the world’s largest building, is to be some kind of sacrifice to Noah’s God, “the Unnameable.” At length Noah announces its purpose, war
An Inconvenient Truth -- A Prophetic Call to Action
2007-02-28 23:00:00
In the early moments of An Inconvenient Truth
, Al Gore walks onto a stage at a college campus and introduces himself as the “ex-next President of the United States.” His clever introduction elicited laughter from the audience and revealed a surprisingly engaging side to the ex-Vice President. The Al Gore that is presented in this extraordinary documentary about global warming is a far cry from the stiff and sometimes surly Democratic candidate who huffed and puffed after almost every word uttered by George W. Bush during two Presidential debates in 2000. Here Gore exudes confidence and knowledge about global warming without being arrogant and concern for the well-being of the planet and its inhabits without being gleeful that many of his predictions are coming true. The facts he presents and the charts he uses to support them are as convincing as anything the politician has asserted since his emergence as a major political figure more than two decades ago.During its one hour an
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, Inconvenient Truth
A Race to the Bottom in the Philippines
2007-02-28 21:22:00
A friend of mine spent a year in Jedda, Saudi Arabia. At her dentist’s office, she noticed several non-Arab hygienists. When she asked about their country of origin, the dentist told her, “Those young women were dentists in the Philippines
.” They earned more working as hygienists in Saudi Arabia than they did working as dentists in their homeland.These women were among millions of Filipinos driven overseas by the policies of the World Bank. One in ten now work outside the country so their families can survive and/or their children can receive an education. The founders of the World Bank would have been distressed to see the monstrous effects their creation has had on poor nations. In 1944, they noted that the collapse of the German economy contributed to the rise of fascism. Accordingly, they established the World Bank to assist the post-war reconstruction of Europe, and to raise living standards in the developing world afterwards.Somewhere along the way, its mission muta
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The Altar of Mammon
2007-02-20 19:16:00
“What is fundamentally wrong here is thenotion that one nation has a right to another’s resources, andthat they can even be taken by force! This violates the mostbasic human and divine laws and assures that there will be no peace.”Scripture tells us the story of Yahweh’s outrage at a king’s sending a man into battle based on deception and wrongful desires. Coveting, deceit and murder. The king is none other than David, and his lust for Bathsheba, wife of Uriah, drives him to send her husband into battle to be killed. Deliberately. God angrily demands to know why David has shown such contempt for his Lord. How could a man kill to possess what is not rightly his? And be oblivious to the suffering of a woman who will lose her husband? The punishment Yahweh metes out is so severe that their child is to die and an entire nation is cursed with eternal strife.[1] If such a sin was so unfathomable, then how w
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Michael Crichton’s latest thriller, "NEXT", and some problems about genetic research Crichton raises
2007-02-12 16:00:00
Currently Michael
Crichton’slatest novel, Next, is on the best-seller list. I don’t think that as a novel it is as good as Jurassic Park, Rising Sun, and some of his others. It seemed to me a bit scattered, and the over abundant, unneeded sex was more repulsive than titillating. But Crichton raises some ethical questions for thoughtful Christians to ponder.Next begins with a man ineffectually suing a company that is making money off tissues taken from him in the course of a medical procedure. Those cells, the court rules, belong to the company that, having extracted them, has patented them. Patented stem lines can be worth lots of money to pharmaceutical corporations.A disreputable looking woman, with a baby, presents herself to one middle-aged character. “I’m your daughter,” she announces, “and this is your grandchild.” Twenty-two years ago he had sold some sperm for $25 so his med school professor could help an infertile couple have a child. It was all to be strictly an
Read more: problems
, genetic
The Presbyterian Position is Already a Viable Centrist Position - Almost
2007-01-13 15:21:00
The upshot of the argument that I have been making over the past week is nearly identical to what the Presbyterian
Church (USA) already teaches and promotes.The church says that homosexuals are welcome in all offices of the church, and should be protected in civil society.The church teaches that in God's plan for human beings the gift of sex is only properly expressed in marriage (of a man and a woman). Celibacy is a good though difficult discipline. We all have impulses to sex outside of marriage, including homosexual acts, but they are not part of God's plan for us. We should try to control them, and ask for help to do so. We should repent of our lapses. This applies to everyone, regardless of act or orientation.The one point not yet clarified is whether it is better to try to curb those impulses within a committed relationship, or whether that is already too much of a structure of temptation. The church has already accepted this kind of unmarried but committed relationship as a go
Read more: Viable
, Almost
How Should Christians Understand the Death of Saddam Hussein?
2007-01-12 19:51:00
Saddam Hussein
, former President of Iraq and ally of the United States, died on December 30, 2006 around 6:00 a.m. local time near Baghdad, at the beginning of the Sunni observance of Second Eid. Saddam Hussein
, former dictator of Iraq, torturer, rapist-by-proxy, murderer of children, user of weapons of mass destruction, was executed on December 30, 2006 by hanging, pursuant to the laws of the new Iraq. President Bush is reported to have said that justice has been done. Reactions, other than in Iraq, where people had and have a real stake in the life and death of this man, are fairly predictable: the end point tends to be predetermined by where the opiner begins. Thus Europeans, generally opposed to the death penalty, decried the execution as unjust, while the United States, a death-penalty nation, proclaimed it a day when justice prevailed. As always, what we see depends quite a bit on where we stand. But why should we in these United States care? The short answer is
Read more: Christians
, Understand
, Saddam
Tax Evasion is Theft from the Poor
2007-01-10 17:00:00
“Client is a private investment company domiciled in the Bahamas used as a vehicle to manage the investment needs of beneficial owner, now a retired professional who achieved much success in his career and accumulated wealth during his lifetime for retirement in an orderly way.” Such was the Riggs Bank’s anonymity-preserving description of dictator Augusto Pinochet, whose death last month inspired thousands of Chileans to celebrate in the streets. Pinochet, in addition to having directed death squads to torture and murder thousands of his opponents, enriched himself through drug and arms trafficking and other lucrative forms of corruption. From 1979 onward, he maintained accounts worth an estimated $6 billion to $8 billion in the Washington, D.C.-based Riggs, thus evading taxes in Chile. Other dictators and ruling elites in the developing world have defrauded their countries by funneling huge amounts of untaxed revenue into foreign banks and tax havens, inclu
PREDICTIONS AS 2007 BEGINS
2007-01-05 20:52:00
Here is what is going to happen in 2007. Once a year I buy one or another of the tabloids on sale beside the line at the supermarket cash register. In case you missed them, here are some of the predictions of the Sun dated January 1, 2007. Pages 20-21 of that journal assure us that its prophecies come from “the world’s most trusted seers.” A few–very few–are hopeful: -One thousand cancer victims will be cured at Lourdes. -China will renounce communism. -An American will become Pope. -A U.S. scientist will find a cure for cancer in a coffee bean extract. Most of the Sun’s predictions are frightening: -Part of the United Nations building will collapse while the U. N. is in session. -Various catastrophes will destroy Oklahoma City, Mobile, Los Angeles, and Miami. -The moon will poison the earth. -Iran will launch a nuclear strike against Washington. Some seem unlikely: -Saddam Hussein will be elected leader in Iraq, declare himself the Antichrist, and lead war ag
MARY MAGDALENE AND ME
2006-08-24 16:27:00
Mary Magdalene is in. Google lists 8,610,00 entries under her name. (No kidding, and it did it in .11 seconds!) The Da Vinci Code told more than forty-three million people that the Magdalene was Jesus’ wife. And now Elizabeth McGowan has received a seven figure advance on her new novel about Mary, The Expected One: A Novel (Magdalene Line) (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006). Not only the heroine but the author of the novel claim to be blood descendants of Mary and Jesus. With that book we are introduced to yet another picture of Mary. McGowan’s Expected One is not Jesus, whose second coming all devout Christians await. McGowan’s “Expected One” is Mary Magdalene, at least a kind of new incarnation of Mary, “ the Shepherdess,” who will reveal at last what her husband, Jesus, was really alike. I’m not sure why months ago I agreed to lead a discussion group in a session on The Gospel According to Mary Magdalene. I made a mess of it, confusing that gospel with The Gospel
The Passion of Mel Gibson
2006-08-22 01:59:00
There’s a saying in Hollywood: You’re only as good as your last movie. It’s meant to be a cautionary saying, but if you’re Mel Gibson
and your last movie was The Passion
of the Christ, which grossed 370 million dollars domestically and 241 million overseas, you should be golden. Sure, some folks argued that the movie was anti-Semitic and others that it focused on the brutal torture and death of Jesus to the exclusion of the message of his life. But it’s also true that The Passion was a phenomenon, bringing some evangelical Christians into the theaters for the first time in years and opening Hollywood’s eyes to the lucrative possibilities of marketing to the faithful. The problem is, when you present yourself as a paragon of faith—or market yourself to the faithful as one of the faithful—you have to be above reproach. Caesar’s wife, and all that. So Gibson really hurt himself and certainly caused people to return to thinking about The Passion of the Christ when he wa
The "Wicked" Gospel of Judas
2006-08-14 20:40:00
I went to see the musical "Wicked
" with my daughters and one of their friends. It tells the backstory of the Oz witches, the good one and the wicked ones. I will not be spoiling the story to say that the title character turns out not to be so wicked, but misunderstood. She is the only one who understands the true nature of the magic of Oz and its wizard.There has been a bit of a flap recently about the "Gospel
of Judas
," an ancient Gnostic text recently translated and made available to the public. It tells the backstory of Jesus' apostles, the good ones and the wicked one. I will not be spoiling the story to say that the title character turns out not to be so wicked, but misunderstood. He is the only one who understands the true nature of the gospel of Jesus and His God.Both seem to me to be interesting explorations of possible alternative pasts. Neither is likely to shake my understanding of the nature of reality. Nor is either text likely to convince me of the intellectual's favori
giving up hope for Palestine and Israel
2006-08-03 23:26:00
When I first began working in the West Bank, I understood that communicating a Palestinian perspective to our Christian Peacemaker Team constituency was part of our job. I soon learned that the U.S. media ignored not only the Palestinian perspective; it ignored the perspective of the thousands of Israel
is who for decades had worked sacrificially on behalf of peace and human rights. Most of these activists struggled with depression, and I thought CPT could be a ministry to them, encouraging them in their efforts.During the first months of the current Intifada, as visitors to Hebron tried to cheer up our depressed and sleep-deprived team by telling us what admirable work we were doing, I had a revelation. All the encouraging things I said to Israeli activists years ago must have been really annoying.They saw the big picture that I did not. They knew they were plugging only a few of the holes in a very leaky dike, that their dream of two states‹Israel and Palestine
‹living side by
Talking about Lebanon
2006-07-31 15:46:00
I’ve been thinking and writing a lot about Jews, Arabs, and the Middle East lately. One of my best friends at the seminary, Don, knows I’ve just been writing about the conflict in Lebanon
, and even though we don’t always agree about issues, I love to talk to him. Not only am I sometimes confirmed in what I think, I’m also confronted by what I think—and forced to question it, affirm or reject it, even come to a new, more realistic understanding. Don and I are different in a lot of the ways that people measure differences—politically, culturally, theologically. But we share so much despite that; besides affection and a shared calling, we want out kids to grow up in a better, safer world. We want to ease the world’s suffering. We want to call our institutions to be their best selves, even if we don’t agree exactly how that would look. These are universal human values, and what separates us seems less important than what we share. If Don and I didn’t tal
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Some Reflections on Thankfulness
2006-07-17 18:06:00
For the past ten years or so, God has been leading me on a journey of thankfulness. Or, perhaps more accurately, a journey of growing a little in thankfulness. I was raised in a family where optimism and positive thinking were highly valued. My childhood occurred in the fifties and early sixties, which, at least in my memory, were highly optimistic times when positive thinking was valued. As a melancholy, moody child and teenager, I felt like my family and my culture were encouraging a form of dishonesty when they pushed me to look on the bright side all the time. So I became negative. Hey, I wanted to be honest! I had no problem finding material for melancholy thoughts. Life is full of bad things that happen, sad emotions that feel overwhelming, and low moments that seem hopeless. I guess I wasn't negative all the time, but I did try to be honest about how I felt. And I tried to give others permission to reflect honestly about their lives. I did a lot of speaking and teac
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On Pirates, Mafiosi, and Unpayable Debts
2006-07-12 21:09:00
Is this an overstatement? The crucial experience of Christian faith is redemption.If so, then “Pirates
of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest” may be the most Christian movie of 2006. It is shot through with the quest for redemption. (It’s also bursting with bucks having just set the record for the highest grossing opening weekend in history with a take of $136 million.) The term “redemption,” by the way, carries no massive theological freight. It simply means that we are chained and cannot release ourselves or that have a debt we cannot pay. In both cases, we need someone beyond ourselves to release the chains or to pay the price.I’ve offered some initial reflections vis-à-vis “Pirates II” on my blog, http://cootsona.blogspot.com. Here I go a slightly different, and more comparative, direction.Mafiosi and Pirates being reasonably similar characters, it shouldn’t have surprised me to find parallels between “Pirates II” and “The Godfather,” even though the films
Read more: Debts
In Defense of Munich
2006-07-10 23:07:00
The recent abduction of Israeli corporal Gilad Shalit and escalating violence in the Middle East prompted me to offer this reflection on Munich
, a bold film that offers compelling insights on the massacre of Israeli athletes during the 1972 Summer Olympics and subsequent events that further fueled the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians.Munich, the Oscar-nominated film from director Steven Spielberg, created a wave of controversy upon its release at the end of 2005. Although the film received a few negative reviews, it still finished the year with a higher overall rating from the nation's top critics than Crash, which ultimately took home the Oscar for Best Picture (from a survey of thirty of the nation's top critics in Premiere magazine's January 2006 issue).Munich is Spielberg's account of the aftermath of the 1972 shootings of eleven Israeli athletes during the Olympic games in Munich. (Two athletes were initially killed and nine were taken hostage. When German
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Free Session Provokes Theological Questions
2006-05-26 19:57:00
I would like, from time to time, to share some of the feedback we get from visitors to www.thethoughtfulchristian.com, especially when the comments raise a number of interesting points.Robert Shaw, Presbyterian minister from Ohio, wrote me this week with a number of poignant questions about the free study "Should the Ten Commandments Be Displayed in Public?" He writes, "These two sample sessions lack theological depth and deal more with civics than theology. Many Presbyterians hold advanced degrees, yet our adult school sessions could be taught to high school students."The study on the Ten Commandments looks at the debate as a contemporary issue rather than a theological debate. While these areas can and should cross over, I think the Ten Commandments study achieves its goal of pushing Christians to reflect on the issues raised by placing all or part of the Decalogue in public places. While it is not exhaustive in its treatment of the subject, I still think it is a strong study. For
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CURRICULUM FOR SUCH A TIME AS THIS
2006-05-17 22:01:00
On May 12th PBS posted an article by Elizabeth Caldwell entitled "CURRICULUM FOR SUCH A TIME AS THIS". Elizabeth lifted up The Thoughtful Christian and SEASONS OF THE SPIRIT as two "exemplary examples" of curriculum that illustrate Craig Dykstra's criteria of "fashioning" and Maria Harris's vision for curriculum.We, meaning the staff of TheThoughtfulChristian.com truly believe we have something unique and special to offer religious educators. We are honored to have been recognized by Elizabeth as a Curriculum that's doing something right.This article is part of series of resources that have been created for a PBS project called RELIGION & ETHICS NEWSWEEKLY. This project is the result of a matching grant from the Lilly Endowment, the principal funder of the PBS program RELIGION & ETHICS NEWSWEEKLY, to support an online project that would extend the reach of the show and highlight the special resources that the news can offer for teaching about world religions.
Q&A with Author Donald McKim
2006-03-24 22:42:00
This is the Rev. Karen Blatt, First Presbyterian Church, Beaverton, MichiganI have a question for Donald
McKim, author of the article "What Do Presbyterians Believe"This is an excellent article with lots of good information. However, I would like to know the specific things which Zwingli, Calvin, and Bullinger considered to be the "unbiblical practices" in God's church that they wanted changed or reformed.Given that the answer(s) to this question may involve a lot of information, I would be pleased to be directed to the articles or books that give the answer(s) to my question.Thank you, the Rev. Karen BlattDear Karen,Thank you very much for your question.A number of issues were swirling in the sixteenth century when the Protestant Reformation began. Martin Luther, and those who followed him, questioned the theology and the practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Luther was an Augustinian monk, who was later excommunicated by the Pope. He wanted the church to believe and practice its C
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Exciting Endorsements received
2006-03-13 16:07:00
"Christian by the grace of God. Thoughtful by continuing to learn and grow. The Thoughtful Christian is a rich resource and a gift to the church."--Freda Gardner, educator, author, and former moderator of the PC(USA)"Adult Education Topics classes have always been a difficult animal to corral. The Thoughtful Christian site offers the variety and depth that our adult learners often seek. From stem cell research to reformed spirituality, our class facilitators are sure to discover material that will enable our adult learners to explore their faith on a variety of levels. The credible authorship of each unit provides a substantial investigation into our understanding of the topic. In a world of e-mail communication, it's a joy to be able to mail out participant sheets in advance of a class. The site is easy to navigate and provides the user with user friendly leader guides and participant sheets."--Rev. Barbara Tesorero, Sycamore Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, Ohio"The Thoughtful
Featured at PublishersWeekly.com
2006-03-09 21:15:00
Support for Church Study Groups - 3/8/2006 - Publishers WeeklyThe Thoughtful Christian is very excited to have been featured by Lynn Garrett in an article she wrote for PublishersWeekly.com
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Dreams, Where Have You Gone?
2007-04-03 15:33:00
Clues for Unity and HopeSometimes history offers hope. With congregations threatening to split off from their denominations–Presbyterian, Episcopal, and others, a story of union offers hope and guidance. Dreams
, Where Have You Gone?: Clues for Unity and Hope,by William G. McAtee (Witherspoon Press, 2007) is a brand new 434 page history of American Presbyterianism, with special emphasis on the union Presbytery movement. Financed in part by the McLean Foundation, the book is based on recorded interviews with 98 people, forming more than 2,500 written pages of oral history. Presbyterians have a history of wars. McAtee begins his story with the battles of Hastings and Stanford Bridge. He sees also a remnant of the old Scottish clan system, not always peaceful, at work in twentieth century Presbyterianism, especially in the south. The nineteenth century brought the division of the Old School and New School Presbyterians. And the Civil War brought yet another split from which Presbyteri
A Time for Mourning
2007-04-19 20:48:00
The Thoughtful Christian staff joins the chorus of prayers for the families, friends, classmates, and colleagues of all who were affected by the tragedy at Virginia Tech on Monday, April 16.While this tragedy is too large and complex to be discussed in just one study, we do suggest that you consider the following to see if they meet the needs of your group and situation.Where Is God When Disaster Strikes? (1 session) Forgiveness (2 sessions) Gun Control: Is There a Christian Response? (1 session) Excerpt from Letters to a Young Doubter (by William Sloane Coffin)For more information please visit http://www.thethoughtfulchristian.com/Main/Mourning
.aspHere is a link to resources being offered by The Presbyterian Church (USA). http://www.pcusa.org/peacemaking/virginiatech.htm
RELIGION INFLUENCES INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
2007-04-30 16:24:00
The recent debates by candidates for president in 2008 indicate that the Democrats are uniting in condemning our current foreign policy, especially the war in Iraq, and not all the Republicans approve. Polls indicate that most of us want to get out. Personally, I wrote my senators and my congresswoman before we ever got in and urged that we not go to war in Iraq. Perhaps Madeleine Albright’s latest book is even more relevant now that the Iraq conflict has become so much a civil war between religious sects.Sometimes former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright sounds almost like atheist writers Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris in showing how religion has been the basis of war after war. Nevertheless Albright repeatedly affirms that religion can be a force for peace and that diplomats ought to recognize its power for good as well as evil. Her latest book is called The Mighty and the Almighty: Reflections on America, God, and World Affairs(HarperCollins, 2006). Reared a Roman Catholic, s
Bill Ramsay, longtime pastor, WJK author, and recently a Thoughtful Christian writer, died today
2007-05-21 16:06:00
Bill Ramsay
, longtime pastor, WJK author, and recently
a Thoughtful Christian
writer, died today. He is survived by his wife, DeVere. He was the author most recently of Church History 101 (2004), as well as Second Corinthians IBS (2004), The Westminster Guide to the Books of the Bible (1994), The Laymen's Guide to the New Testament (1986), and Four Modern Prophets (1986). His wife and family are in our thoughts and prayers.
Where Are PC(USA) Leaders Combatting Fundamentalism in our Midst?
2007-05-25 10:13:00
When will the PC(USA) ever come to terms with the grave damage that has been done both to itself and to this country by fundamentalism? Both our church and the federal government have been radically changed, and not for the better of their missions, by the radical far right. Former President Carter and others have named and protested that radical change in government. Where is the ecclesiastical leadership (as distinct from theological and academic challenge) that does the same for the ecumenical Church?Given that fundamentalism continues to be presented as “Christian,” even though it has launched and over decades has sustained effective attacks on much that the Christian faith affirms, the churches bear the greater responsibility for not having stopped the progress of fundamentalism, not even when the distinctions began to blur between evangelical and fundamentalist groups, goals, and tenets.When Karl Barth came to this country in 1962 and gave his lectures under the title “Evan
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