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Wide Area Network (WAN) 2008-07-18 06:43:00 Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries . Or, less formally, a network that uses routers and public communications links . Contrast with personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which ar
History of artificial satellites 2008-07-18 06:40:00 Timeline of artificial satellites and space probesSee also: Space Race The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and that started the whole Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer. This triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers Read more:History
Bandwidth in web hosting 2008-07-29 06:54:00 In website hosting, the term "bandwidth" is often used to describe the amount of data transferred to or from the website or server within a prescribed period of time. Another more specific phrase used for this meaning of bandwidth is monthly data transfer.Web hosting companies often quote a monthly bandwidth limit for a website, for example 500 gigabytes per month. If the total amount of data down Read more:Bandwidth
No title 2008-07-29 06:54:00 Bandwidth (computing)In computer networking and computer science, digital bandwidth or just bandwidth is the capacity for a given system to transfer data over a connection. It is measured as a bit rate expressed in in bits/s or multiples of it (kb/s Mb/s etc.). Digital bandwidth should not be confused with the network throughput, which is the average rate of successful data transfer through a conn
Applications of Frequency 2008-07-29 06:53:00 Aside from the obvious application of converting bulk amounts of power from one distribution standard to another, frequency changers are also used to control the speed and the torque of AC motors. In this application, the most typical frequency converter topology is the three-phase two-level voltage source inverter. The phase voltages are controlled using the power semiconductor switches and pulse Read more:Applications
, Frequency
Frequency changer 2008-07-29 06:52:00 A frequency changer or frequency converter is an electronic device that converts alternating current (AC) of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency. The device may also change the voltage, but if it does, that is incidental to its principal purpose.Traditionally, these devices were built out of electromechanical components such as motor-generator sets or rotary converters. But w Read more:Frequency
Frequency 2008-07-29 06:51:00 Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency. The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency.Definition and unitsFor cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, frequency is defined as a number of cycles, or periods, per unit time Read more:Frequency
Wide area network 2008-07-19 02:28:00 Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network
that covers a broad area (i.e., any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries [1]). Or, less formally, a network that uses routers and public communications links [1]. Contrast with personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) w
Gateway (telecommunications) 2008-07-19 02:28:00 In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with another network that uses different protocols. A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability. It also requires the establishment of mutually acceptable administrative procedures be Read more:Gateway
Communications satellite 2008-07-19 02:27:00 A full size model of the Earth observation satellite ERS 2In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon.U.S. military MILSTAR communications satelliteA communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an arti Read more:Communications
Network bridge 2008-07-19 02:26:00 A network bridge
connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model, and the term layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast t
Repeater 2008-07-19 02:26:00 A wireless repeater.A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation.The term "repeater" originated with telegraphy and referred to an electromechanical device used to regenerate telegraph signals. Use of the term has continu
Switches 2008-07-19 02:25:00 A pair of contacts is said to be 'closed' when there is no space between them, allowing electricity to flow from one to the other. When the contacts are separated by an insulating air gap, an air space, they are said to be 'open', and no electricity can flow at typical voltages.Switches
can be and are classified according to the arrangement of their contacts in electronics fields— but electricia
Special types of Switch 2008-07-19 02:25:00 Switches can be designed to respond to any type of mechanical stimulus: for example, vibration (the trembler switch), tilt, air pressure, fluid level (the float switch), the turning of a key (key switch), linear or rotary movement (the limit switch or microswitch), or presence of a magnetic field (the reed switch). Mercury tilt switchThe mercury switch consists of a drop of mercury inside a glass Read more:Special
, types
Coaxial cable 2008-07-19 02:24:00 Coaxial cable is an electrical cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by an insulating spacer, surrounded by an outer cylindrical conductor. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing the same geometric axis. Coaxial cables are often used as a transmission line for radio frequency signals. In a hypothetical ideal coaxial cable the electromagnetic field
Semiconductor 2008-07-19 02:24:00 A semiconductor is a solid material that has electrical conductivity in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically.Semiconductor
s are tremendously important in electronic technology. Semiconductor devices, electronic components made of semiconductor materials, are essential in modern consumer electronics, including compu
Memory 2008-07-19 02:23:00 In psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and subsequently retrieve information. Traditional studies of memory began in the realms of philosophy, including techniques of artificially enhancing the memory. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century put memory within the paradigms of cognitive psychology. In recent decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a Read more:Memory
CPU operation 2008-07-19 02:22:00 The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program.The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are four steps that nearly all von Neumann CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.The first step, fetch, involves retriev
Microprocessor 2008-07-19 02:21:00 A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC). The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using BCD arithmetics on 4-bit words. Other embedded uses of 4 and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals, printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed rather quickl Read more:Microprocessor
Types of routers 2008-07-19 02:20:00 Cisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing System Linksys BEFSR41 DSL RouterRouters may provide connectivity inside enterprises, between enterprises and the Internet, and inside Internet Service Providers (ISP). The largest routers (for example the Cisco CRS-1 or Juniper T1600) interconnect ISPs, are used inside ISPs, or may be used in very large enterprise networks. The smallest routers provide connectivity for
Central processing unit 2008-07-19 02:20:00 A Central
Processing Unit (CPU), or sometimes just called processor, is a description of a class of logic machines that can execute computer programs. This broad definition can easily be applied to many early computers that existed long before the term "CPU" ever came into widespread usage. The term itself and its initialism have been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s
Other applications of capacitor 2008-07-19 02:18:00 SensingMost capacitors are designed to maintain a fixed physical structure. However, various factors can change the structure of the capacitor; the resulting change in capacitance can be used to sense those factors.Changing the dielectric: The effects of varying the physical and/or electrical characteristics of the dielectric can also be of use. Capacitors with an exposed and porous dielectric can
Logical topology 2008-07-19 02:18:00 Logical Topology (also referred to as Signal Topology) is a network computing term used to describe the arrangement of devices on a network and how they communicate with one another.How devices are connected to the network through the actual cables that transmit data, or the physical structure of the network, is called the physical topology.Logical topologies are bound to network protocols and des Read more:Logical
Filtering through capacitor 2008-07-19 02:18:00 Signal couplingMain article: capacitive couplingBecause capacitors pass AC but block DC signals (when charged up to the applied dc voltage), they are often used to separate the AC and DC components of a signal. This method is known as AC coupling or "capacitive coupling". Here, a large value of capacitance, whose value need not be accurately controlled, but whose reactance is small at the signal f Read more:Filtering
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