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LESSON 50 AUTHORISATION CHECKS 2008-06-08 00:05:11 AUTHORISATION CHECKSThe authorization concept uses authorization objects and authorizations.Authorization objects are repository objects and are maintained in the ABAP Dictionary. They consist of a name and up to ten logically-related fields that are used in the authorization check. Authorization objects define a logical grouping of fields whose values will be used in the authorization check. The
ABAP PERFORMENCE TIPS 2008-06-08 00:04:36 ABAP/4 OptimizationUse the GET RUN TIME command to help evaluate performance. It's hard to know whether that optimization technique REALLY helps unless you test it out. Using this tool can help you know what is effective, under what kinds of conditions. The GET RUN TIME has problems under multiple CPUs, so you should use it to test small pieces of your program, rather than the whole program.Avoid
SYSTEM FIELDS IN SAP 2008-06-08 00:01:42 ABCDE Constant: Alphabet (A,B,C,...)APPLI SAP applicationsBATCH Background active (X)IF SY-BATCH EQ SPACE.WRITE: / 'Report was started on-line'.WRITE: / 'Using variant:', SY-SLSET.ELSE.WRITE: / 'Report was started in background'.ENDIF.BATZD Background SUBMIT: DailyBATZM Background SUBMIT: MonthlyBATZO Background SUBMIT: OnceBATZS Background SUBMIT: ImmediatelyBATZW Background SUBMIT: Weekl
CONTROL BLOCKS IN ABAP 2008-06-08 00:00:08 Processing Control LevelsWhen you sort an extract dataset, control levels are defined in it. The control level hierarchy of an extract dataset corresponds to the sequence of the fields in the HEADER field group. After sorting, you can use the AT statement within a loop to program statement blocks that the system processes only at a control break, that is, when the control level changes.AT NEW | A
BUFFERING IN SAP ABAP 2008-06-07 23:58:24 Buffer Components:DefinitionAn SAP buffer consists of the following parts:Mode tableThe mode table resides in shared memory and tells you which pool contains which shared memory areas. The mode table is part of the common information on the shared memory areas that are accessed by the work processes.For example, SAP Key 1 with Mode = 0, instructs the OS kernel to extract this buffer from the defau
ABAP OPTIMIZATION 2008-06-08 00:24:55 ABAP OPTIMIZATION: ABAP/4 programs can take a very long time to execute, and can make other processes have to wait before executing. Here are some tips to speed up your programs and reduce the load your programs put on the system: Use the GET RUN TIME command to help evaluate performance. It's hard to know whether that optimization technique REALLY helps unless you test it out. Using this
TYPE KEY WARD IN ABAP 2008-06-08 00:23:54 TYPE KEY WARD IN ABAP:TYPES - Defining an Internal Table Type Variants: 1. TYPES itabtype {TYPE tabkind OF linetype| LIKE tabkind OF lineobj} [WITH [UNIQUE|NON-UNIQUE] keydef[INITIAL SIZE n].2. TYPES itabtype TYPE RANGE OF type.TYPES itabtype LIKE RANGE OF f.3. TYPES itabtype {TYPE linetype|LIKE lineobj} OCCURS n. Effect Defines a user-defined type (abap type concept fo
PERFORMENCE TIPS IN ABAP 2008-06-08 00:22:43 PERFORMENCE TIPS IN ABAP:ABAP/4 programs can take a very long time to execute, and can make other processes have to wait before executing. Here are some tips to speed up your programs and reduce the load your programs put on the system:• Use the GET RUN TIME command to help evaluate performance. It's hard to know whether that optimization technique REALLY helps unless you test it out. Using this
INTERNAL TABLES IN BRIEF 2008-06-08 00:22:13 Purpose of Internal Tables• In ABAP/4, you work mainly with tables. Tables are the essential data structures in the R/3 System. Long-life data is stored in relational database tables.• Besides database tables, you can create internal tables which exist only during the runtime of your program. ABAP/4 provides various operations for working with internal tables. You can, for example, search for,
RUN TIME ANALASIS IN ABAP 2008-06-08 00:21:43 DebuggingABAP DebuggerRuntime AnalysisRuntime Measurement of Program SegmentsBREAK-POINTBasic formBREAK-POINT.Additions:1. ... f2. ... AT NEXT APPLICATION STATEMENTEffectThe BREAK-POINT is a debugging aid. When you run a program normally, it is interrupted at the statement, and the system automatically starts the debugger, allowing you to display the contents of any fields in the program and check
ABAP MEMORY 2008-06-08 00:21:06 ABAP MEMORY:A logical memory model illustrates how the main memory is distributed from the view of executable programs. A distinction is made here between external sessions and internal sessions .An external session is usually linked to an R/3 window. You can create an external session by choosing System/Create session, or by entering /o in the command field. An external session is broken down fur
LESSON 1 SAP NAVIGATION 2008-06-08 00:20:09 The R/3 System is a client system. The client concept enables the joint operation, in one system, of several enterprises that are independent of each other in business terms. During each user session you can only access the data of the client selected during the logon. A client is, in organizational terms, an independent unit in the R/3 System. Each client has its own data environment and theref
LESSON 3 ABAP WORK BENCH AND TOOLS 2008-06-08 00:18:00 ABAP WORK BENCH CONCEPTS AND TOOLS The R/3 System has a modular software architecture that follows software -oriented client/server principles. The R/3 System allocates presentation, applications, and data storage to different computers. This serves as the basis for the scalability of the R/3 system. The lowest level is the database level. Here data is managed with the help of a relationa
LESSON 4 ABAP DATA OBJECTS AND STATEMENTS 2008-06-08 00:16:33 n Types describe the attributes of . Input and output fields on screens, . Data objects and . Interface parameters: Type checks are performed each time a function or subroutine is called according to how the interface parameter is typed. Type conflicts are already identified during the editing process and appropriate syntax errors displayed. n Local types are used in programs . If only techni
LESSON 6 INTERNAL PROGRAM MODULARIZATION 2008-06-08 00:14:39 INTERNAL PROGRAM MODULARIZATION:An ABAP program is a collection of processing blocks. A processing block is a passive section of program code that is processed sequentially when called. Processing blocks are the smallest units in ABAP. They cannot be split, which also means that they cannot be nested. There are various kinds of ABAP processing blocks: Event blocks are ABAP processing blocks
LESSON 14 CONSITENCEY THROUGH INPUT CHECKS 2008-06-08 00:13:20 CONSITENCEY THROUGH INPUT CHECKS:The domain describes the value range of a field by specifying its data type and field length. If only a limited set of values is allowed, they can be defined as fixed values.Specifying fixed values causes the value range of the domain to be restricted by these values. Fixed values are immediately used as check values in screen entries. There is also an F4 help.Fixe
LESSON 19 ABAP RUN TIME ENVIRONMENT 2008-06-08 00:12:46 ABAP RUN TIME ENVIRONMENT:ABAP program contains the following components:Source code ...containing the ABAP statementsScreens ...consist of the screen layout and associated flow logic . You normally create the layout of a screen using the Screen Painter. However, there are special kinds of screens, called selection screens and lists, whose layout and flow logic are designed exclusively using ABAP
LESSON 20 DATA TYPES AND DATA OBJECT 2008-06-08 00:12:00 DATA TYPES AND DATA OBJECT:To work with data at runtime, you need to store it in the program at runtime and address it from your program. The system needs to know the type of the data (for example, character string, whole number, table consisting of name, currency amount, and date, and so on). A data object is a named memory area that is structured according to a particular data type . The type no
LESSON 21 ABAP STATEMENTS 2008-06-08 00:10:52 ABAP STATEMENTS:Use CLEAR to reset any variable data object to the initial value appropriate to its type .In a structure, each component is reset individually.In an internal table without a header line, all of the lines are deleted.Use MOVE to copy the contents of one data object to another variable data object.With complex objects, you can either address the components individually or use a "deep
LESSON 23 SUB ROUTIENS IN ABAP 2008-06-08 00:09:53 SUB ROUTIENS IN ABAP:A subroutine is an internal modularization unit within a program, to which you can pass data using an interface. You use subroutines to encapsulate parts of your program, either to make the program easier to understand, or because a particular section of coding is used at several points in the program. Your program thus becomes more function-oriented, with its task split into
LESSON 24 FUNCTION MODULES AND GROUPS OF ABAP 2008-06-08 00:09:06 FUNCTION MODULES AND GROUPS OF ABAP:Function modules are more comfortable to use than subroutines, and have a wider range of uses. The following list, without claiming to be complete, details the essential role that function modules play in the ABAP Workbench:Function modules ...Are actively integrated in the ABAP Workbench. You create and manage them using the Function Builder.Can have optional i
LESSON 31 SAP QUARY ADMINSTRATION 2008-06-08 00:08:18 SAP QUARY ADMINSTRATION:When you create a user group, you must assign a name and a description to the user group.To maintain a user group, you can use the following options:You can assign users and functional areas to a user group.You can assign a user to various user groups.You can assign a functional area to various user groups.You can assign every user in the SAP System to one or more user grou
LESSON 33 SAVING LISTS AND BACK GROUND PROCESSING 2008-06-08 00:07:34 SAVING LISTS AND BACK GROUND PROCESSING:There are three ways to save a list that you have generated:1.) In SAPoffice2.) As a local file on your PC3.) In the area menuYou can always use menu sequence STL-1 in the System menu to save the list, or use the List menu in the standard list status.You can also create folders in SAPoffice. You can use these folders to store the lists. When a list is placed
LESSON 36 PROGRAM INTERFACE 2008-06-08 00:06:52 PROGRAM INTERFACE:A GUI status is made up of a menu bar, a standard toolbar, an application toolbar, and of function key settings. Each screen can have one or more GUI statuses. For example, an editor program might have two statuses - one for display mode and one for change mode.The elements of a GUI status allow users to choose functions using the mouse.Menus are control elements that allow the u
LESSON 47 SAP LOCK CONCEPT 2008-06-08 00:06:02 SAP LOCK CONCEPT:If several users are competing to access the same resource or resources, you need to find a way of synchronizing the access in order to protect the consistency of your data.Example: In a flight booking system, you would need to check whether seats were still free before making a reservation. You also need a guarantee that critical data (the number of free seats in this case) canno
LESSON 50 AUTHORISATION CHECKS 2008-06-08 00:05:11 AUTHORISATION CHECKSThe authorization concept uses authorization objects and authorizations.Authorization objects are repository objects and are maintained in the ABAP Dictionary. They consist of a name and up to ten logically-related fields that are used in the authorization check. Authorization objects define a logical grouping of fields whose values will be used in the authorization check. The
ABAP PERFORMENCE TIPS 2008-06-08 00:04:36 ABAP/4 OptimizationUse the GET RUN TIME command to help evaluate performance. It's hard to know whether that optimization technique REALLY helps unless you test it out. Using this tool can help you know what is effective, under what kinds of conditions. The GET RUN TIME has problems under multiple CPUs, so you should use it to test small pieces of your program, rather than the whole program.Avoid
SYSTEM FIELDS IN SAP 2008-06-08 00:01:42 ABCDE Constant: Alphabet (A,B,C,...)APPLI SAP applicationsBATCH Background active (X)IF SY-BATCH EQ SPACE.WRITE: / 'Report was started on-line'.WRITE: / 'Using variant:', SY-SLSET.ELSE.WRITE: / 'Report was started in background'.ENDIF.BATZD Background SUBMIT: DailyBATZM Background SUBMIT: MonthlyBATZO Background SUBMIT: OnceBATZS Background SUBMIT: ImmediatelyBATZW Background SUBMIT: Weekl
CONTROL BLOCKS IN ABAP 2008-06-08 00:00:08 Processing Control LevelsWhen you sort an extract dataset, control levels are defined in it. The control level hierarchy of an extract dataset corresponds to the sequence of the fields in the HEADER field group. After sorting, you can use the AT statement within a loop to program statement blocks that the system processes only at a control break, that is, when the control level changes.AT NEW | A
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