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FUNCTIONS 2008-04-26 01:01:00 Navigation in the three dimensions is the primary objective of the GPS. The GPS will have avery important role in the mission of the Railway Safety. The main function of the GPS is toget the interconnectivity of the various points that will be mentioned in the later sections and tonote the position and speed of the train and respond to the signals that are picked up by thesensors and send the signals to the Train Drivers and the Guards of the Train Ground Stationscontaining the network of the Cabins, Station Masters, Control Rooms and all the relatedpoints on the ground. Thus giving all the details of the train in a very much understandable andvisual form. The signals that are picked up by the satellites will be then processed and checkedfor any kind of the faulty situations by simply comp
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING 2008-04-26 01:01:00 As we know that most of the accidents occur due to the collisions, negligence of the signals i.e.the human error, track related problems and some as the technical errors. And yet there is no measures assuch taken for the cause. The main principle that is used for the safety of the Indian Railways is thatwhenever a train will move over the track there will be vibrations that will be created on the track. Thesevibrations that are produced on the track are dependent on the speed of the train, load or the weight of thetrain. These vibrations travel long distances because of one the metal tracks and the other reason is theconnection of these tracks by means of the fish plates.
No title 2008-04-26 01:01:00 INTRODUCTION:Indian Railways is having the world’s largest railway network. The Indian Railways contributelargely in the public transport as it becomes a primary mode of transport. The leading nations have theseparate rail lines for the goods and for the passenger trains. These are things that are not practiced in India.There are a large number of the accidents that are happening in which many lives are lost and alsoin these accidents there is a huge loss of the railway and the national property. Most of the accidents occurdue to negligence, technical faults non-reliable data and late understanding and slow or no response towardsthe danger signs considered small. Thus there is need to develop the sensitive Guard Rooms, Cabins,Stations, Control Rooms and many other units. There is also ne
ADVANTAGES 2008-05-17 11:02:00 There are a number of implementations of the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol available for the Linux platform. The AODV protocol consists of a number of messages which it uses for route discovery, route maintenance and repair, and neighbor detection.By continuously evaluating the known and attempting to discover new routes, they try to maintain the most up-to-date map of t
REACTIVE 2008-05-17 11:00:00 If on demand routing protocols are used, when data is to be routed to a destination, a source node might be required to initiate a search for the destination. If the network is large, significant latency may be incurred before the destination is found .Reactive protocols determine the proper route only when required, that is, when a packet needs to be forwarded. In this instance, the node floods t
PROACTIVE 2008-05-17 10:58:00 When proactive routing protocols are employed a node would possess routing information to a destination before it would actually need to route data to that destination.For this purpose routing tables are maintained. Route updates are exchanged periodically to reflect the changes in topological information. Popular proactive routing protocols for ad-hoc networks include1. Destination Sequenced Di
INTRODUCTION TO ROUTING 2008-05-17 10:55:00 A wireless network that transmits from computer to computer. Instead of using a central base station (access point) to which all computers must communicate.This peer-to-peer mode of operation can greatly extend the distance of the wireless network. To gain access to the Internet, one of the computers can be connected via wire or wireless to an ISP routing from one node to another on such a "mesh"
CPAN MODULES 2008-05-18 10:07:00 CPAN modules:There are plenty of CPAN modules dealing with different linguistic problems:Simulating typosIs it possible to simulate typical human typos on QWERTY or other keyboard types?Correcting typos, word distanceGiven two words, what is their distance? Used in spell checkers.Auto-correcting typos in Perl programsSymbol::Approx::Scalar, Symbol::Approx::SubIntelligent chat and info botsChatbot:
SEVERAL APPROCHES FOR AI 2008-05-18 10:05:00 Approach 1: With this approach, it is not important to solve tasks correctly. It is important to solve tasks in the same way as humans. Applications of this approach include Man-Machine communication and user interfaces.Approach 2: This approach is rare in AI, however it is the most popular, there are yearly turing test competetions.Approach 3: This logical approach conce
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2008-05-18 10:01:00 Definition: Usually Artificial Intelligence is defined as:1. An attempt to make computers "more intelligent"2. An attempt to understand how humans think. HISTORY:Artificial intelligence would be impossible without the work that led to the modern programmable digital computer.Calculating machines were built in antiquity and improved throughout history by many mathematicians, including, on
TYPES OF DEVICES 2008-05-21 12:59:00 There are three different types of ZigBee device: ZigBee coordinator(ZC): The most capable device, the coordinator forms the root ofthe network tree and might bridge to other networks. There is exactly one ZigBeecoordinator in each network. It is able to store information about the network,including acting as the repository for security keys. ZigBee Router (ZR): Routers can act as an interme
ZIGBEE FRAME STRUCTURE 2008-05-21 12:58:00 The data frame provides a payload of up to 104 bytes. The frame is numbered to ensure thatall packets are tracked. A frame-check sequence ensures that packets are received withouterror. This frame structure improves reliability in difficult conditions.After receiving a data packet, the receiver performs a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC)to verify that the packet was not corrupted in transmissi
ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY 2008-05-21 12:57:00 ZigBee is a home-area network designed specifically to replace the proliferation of individualremote controls. ZigBee was created to satisfy the market's need for a cost-effective,standards-based wireless network that supports low data rates, low power consumption,security, and reliability The alliance is working closely with the IEEE to ensure an integrated,complete, and interoperable network for
Glossary 2008-05-24 22:14:00 CDPD Cellular Digital Packet DataAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone ServicesGSM Global System MobileDCS Digital Communication SystemPCS Personal Communication SystemPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkBS Base StationMSC Mobile Switching CentreMS Mobile StationWAN Wide Area NetworkISDN Integrated Services Data NetworkATM Asynchronous Transfer ModePSDN Public Switched Data NetworkPCSI Pacific Communicatio Read more:Glossary
The Future 2008-05-24 22:12:00 With the rapid technological advancements in Artificial Intelligence, Integrated Circuitry and increases in Computer Processor speeds, the future of mobile computing looks increasingly exciting.The anytime, anywhere workforce is today a reality. A recent study showed that the use of mobile data services enhance enterprises productivity and work efficiency. In 2005, mobile workforce projects will b Read more:Future
OTHERE APPLICATIONS 2008-05-24 12:28:00 1.In courtsDefense counsels can take mobile computers in court. When the opposing counsel references a case which they are not familiar, they can use the computer to get direct, real-time access to on-line legal database services, where they can gather information on the case and related precedents. Therefore mobile computers allow immediate access to a wealth of information, making people better
APPLICATIONS 2008-05-24 12:26:00 Mobile working infrastructure can deliver real time business benefits, companies of all sizes are walking up to the fact that they can improve productivity and increase profits by giving employees remote access to mission critical corporate IT system.An IT manager predicts “ More than 60% of the staff in global 2000 companies will have mobile access to corporate applications by 2005, Ultimately
CDPD TECHNOLOGY 2008-05-24 12:26:00 CDPD TechnologyToday, the mobile data communications market is becoming dominated by a technology called CDPD. There are other alternatives to this technology namely Circuit Switched Cellular, Specialized Mobile Radio and Wireless Data Networks. The CDPD technology is much more advantageous than the others.CDPD's principle lies in the usage of the idle time in between existing voice signals that a
DATA COMMNICATION 2008-05-24 12:25:00 Data CommunicationsMobile data communication has become a very important and rapidly evolving technology as it allows users to transmit data from remote locations to other remote or fixed locations using existing communication networks. This proves to be the solution to the biggest problem of business people on the move - mobility. The term data covers a wide range of applications including File T
MOBILE COMPUTING 2008-05-24 12:23:00 IntroductionMobile Computing: A technology that allows transmission of data, via a computer, without having to be connected to a fixed physical link.Mobile voice communication is widely established throughout the world and has had a very rapid increase in the number of subscribers to the various cellular networks over the last few years. An extension of this technology is the ability to send and r
NETWORK THREATS 2008-05-25 23:11:00 There are many creative ways that unscrupulous people use to access or abuse unprotected computers:· Remote login - When someone is able to connect to your computer and control it in some form. This can range from being able to view or access your files to actually running programs on your computer.· Application backdoors - Some programs have special features that allow for remot
INTRODUCTION NETWORK SECURITY 2008-05-25 23:06:00 A basic understanding of computer networks is requisite in order to understand the principles of network security. In this section, we'll cover some of the foundations of computer networking, then move on to an overview of some popular networks. Following that, we'll take a more in-depth look at TCP/IP, the network protocol suite that is used to run the Internet and many intranets.Once we've cover
Business Intelligence Projects 2008-05-31 11:27:00 Our recommended approach to BI projects is to focus on the business value of a proposed solution. That is, every BI project should have a clearly defined business case that details how much money will be spent and exactly what the expected business benefits are. As described in the final section of this chapter, these benefits may or may not be financially quantifiable, but they must be clearly de Read more:Business
, Projects
Verify File Integrity and Find Compromised Files 2008-05-30 08:57:00 One tool that can help you detect intrusions on a host and also ascertain what happened after the fact is Tripwire (). Tripwire is part of a class of tools known as file integrity checkers, which can detect the presence of important changed files on your systems. This is desirable because intruders who have gained access to a system will often install what's known as a root kit, in an attempt to b Read more:Integrity
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