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TCP Segmentation
2008-02-10 05:02:54
In general, segmentation is the process of breaking something into smaller units. In networking terms, segmentation is the process in which a large data is broken down to a number of small-sized data... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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Schedulers in FreeBSD 7.0
2008-01-27 01:52:04
Higher performance has been found with the new scheduler SCHED_ULE in FreeBSD 7.0. This requires selecting SCHED_ULE as the scheduler instead of the default 4BSD scheduler (SCHED_4BSD) in the Kernel... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Custom FreeBSD Kernel compilation
2008-01-20 10:02:08
I normally use this way of building custom FreeBSD Kernel. Make sure that you are a root to continue with this. Kernel source path: Default path for FreeBSD kernel sources is /usr/src/sys. We can... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: compilation

Adding DNS server entries
2008-01-20 10:01:45
All DNS server entries will be in a configuration file resolv.conf in /etc. Update /etc/resolv.conf with new DNS server entry. Example to add DNS server 1.2.3.4: nameserver 1.2.3.4 For the just... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


FreeBSD Kernel Compilation
2008-01-20 10:01:21
One more way of building FreeBSD Kernel. Before this step, building world is required. If you want to build a custom kernel, and already have a configuration file, just use KERNCONF=MYKERNEL like... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Why did they choose FreeBSD?
2008-01-20 09:38:10
Harvey Allen, Brian Candler, and Joel Jaeggli explains why did they opt for FreeBSD here (pdf). Some key points in it: * WhyFreeBSD in general? * Why FreeBSD rather than Linux? * Why FreeBSD rather... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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Why FreeBSD
2008-01-20 09:36:37
Frank Pohlmann explains reasons for choosing FreeBSD over other operating systems here. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Mac OS X Network Tuning
2008-01-20 09:32:50
Adam Knight explains network tuning concepts in Mac OS X here. You can find some info on tuning through sysctls, new reno fast recovery method, selective acknowledgements, window sizes, maximum... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Tuning

Apple Safari Browser
2008-01-20 09:32:19
Apple has released Safari web browser for Windows. Now we can have a feel of Mac web browsing in Windows. You can find Safari here. Safari browser supports tabbed windows similar to Mozilla Firefox... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Apple

MSI support in a PCI device
2008-01-20 09:31:36
Run "pciconf -lvc" and find that device's info. Example: Neterion Xframe-II 10Gigabit Ethernet Adapter xge0@pci1:3:0: class=0x020000 card=0x602017d5 chip=0x583217d5 rev=0x02 hdr=0x00 vendor =... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Maximum number of supported MSI messages
2008-01-20 09:31:15
Function pci_msi_count() returns the maximum number of supported MSI messages . This maximum number is hardware specific. Some hardware supports upto 32 MSI messages, where as some hardwares... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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MSI support by a loaded driver
2008-01-20 09:30:35
A driver which has been loaded earlier can be supporting Line interrupts (INT A) or MSI Interrupts. How do we verify the interrupt type of the loaded driver? Run "vmstat -i". It lists the drivers,... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


MSI implementation in FreeBSD
2008-01-20 09:29:55
FreeBSD implements MSI messages as SYS_RES_IRQ interrupts similar to the legacy INTx interrupts. The driver visible differences include different resource IDs (legacy INTx interrupt is rid 0, MSI... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: FreeBSD

INTx implementation in FreeBSD
2008-01-20 09:29:34
FreeBSD's PCI interrupt routing code attempts to provide a machine independent framework that machine dependent code can hook into where necessary. First, FreeBSD uses cookie values defined by... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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TCP Tuning - sysctls
2008-01-20 09:28:48
net.inet.tcp.recvspace and net.inet.tcp.sendspace control how much buffer space is allotted per socket connection, per direction. This is how much data the kernel will cache on a socket while the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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Network Alias - Interface with 2 IP addresses
2008-01-20 09:27:15
It is possible to create network alias or assign 2 ip address to single NIC under FreeBSD? My setup: lnc0 - IP : 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 lnc0 alias - IP : 192.168.1.5/255.255.255.255 Note:... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Alias , Interface , addresses

Registering Interrupt Handler
2008-01-20 09:26:16
Hardwares inform processor through signals called interrupts whenever they require processor's attention. Registering interrupt handler: Interrupt handlers are registered using request_irq and... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Handler

Enabling and Disabling Interrupts
2008-01-20 09:24:18
Device drivers may need to stop interrupts for some time. This can be due to various reasons. Usually, interrupts are blocked to avoid deadlocks. If an interrupt is shared, disabling interrupts are... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


IP Checksum
2008-01-20 09:23:23
IP Checksum is the 16-bit 1's complement of 1's complement sum of all 16-bit words in IP header. Example: Suppose the IP header has the following bytes where last two bytes (0's) are checksum... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Shared Memory, Mutexes, and Semaphores
2008-01-20 09:22:24
Inter-process Communication (IPC) is a capability of the Operating Systems to allow communication between two processes running either in same or in a different computer. Shared memory is one of the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
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Network Device Drivers in brief
2008-01-20 09:20:27
It can be a Network driver or any device driver; first operation is the probe. During probe, device driver which support that hardware are searched. This is by calling probe implementation in each... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Device , Drivers

TCP Auto-tuning
2008-01-20 09:19:55
More often than not, the bandwidth of a TCP flow is restricted by the setting of the sender's and receiver's buffer sizes, and the flow never utilizes the available bandwidth of the links. Very few... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Naming and Resolution
2008-01-20 09:19:17
All computers in a network are identified by the IP address. IP addresses are assigned to the network interface (network adapters or NICs) through which that computer is connected to the network.... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Naming , Resolution

Maximum number of supported MSI-X messages
2008-01-20 09:18:18
Similar to pci_msi_count() for MSI, function pci_msix_count( ) returns the maximum number of supported MSI-X messages . This maximum number is hardware specific. Some hardwares have support for... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Maximum

TCP Window
2008-01-20 09:14:57
In a connection between a server and a client; both of them share the maximum number of bytes they can receive at a time. This maximum number of bytes is called the Window size. Client's receive... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Customizing Ubuntu Linux Kernel
2008-04-08 22:37:02
Ref: -to-customize-your-ubuntu-kernel/Kernel customization is not for everyone. Please note before you try any of this that it can break your system. There's... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Linux , Ubuntu

Schedulers in FreeBSD 7.0
2008-04-10 23:25:33
Higher performance has been found with the new scheduler SCHED_ULE in FreeBSD 7.0. This requires selecting SCHED_ULE as the scheduler instead of the default 4BSD scheduler (SCHED_4BSD) in the Kernel... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


TCP Window
2008-04-10 23:19:44
In a connection between a server and a client; both of them share the maximum number of bytes they can receive at a time. This maximum number of bytes is called the Window size. Client's receive... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]


Maximum number of supported MSI-X messages
2008-04-10 23:16:02
Similar to pci_msi_count() for MSI, function pci_msix_count( ) returns the maximum number of supported MSI-X messages . This maximum number is hardware specific. Some hardwares have support for MSI-X;... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Maximum

Naming and Resolution
2008-04-10 23:13:32
All computers in a network are identified by the IP address. IP addresses are assigned to the network interface (network adapters or NICs) through which that computer is connected to the network.... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Read more: Naming , Resolution

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