Prevention HIV and AIDS
2007-12-20 14:36:00
The only way to prevent infection by the virus is to avoid behaviors that put you at risk, such as sharing needles or having unprotected sex. Many people infected with HIV don't have any symptoms. There is no way to know with certainty whether a sexual partner is infected. * Either abstain from having sex or use latex condoms, which may offer partial protection, during oral, anal, or vaginal sex. Only condoms made of latex should be used. Only water-based lubricants should be used with latex condoms. * The risk of HIV transmission from a pregnant woman to her baby is significantly reduced if the mother takes AZT during pregnancy, labor, and delivery and her baby takes it for the first 6 weeks of life.http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/AJQT
Read more: AIDS
Follow-up
2007-12-19 13:42:00
People with HIV infection need close follow-up by their doctors and should probably see health care workers who have experience and expertise in treating HIV-related complications and the various medications needed to treat this infection. At follow-up, those with HIV should be counseled about spreading the disease and evaluated for medication side effects. Infected individuals are also educated about the disease process, and attempts are made to improve the quality of their life.http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/AJQT
Medications
2007-12-19 13:38:00
Over the past 10 years, several drugs to combat HIV infection and its associated infections and cancers have become available. * Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: stopping the virus to make copies of itself. These drugs are AZT (zidovudine [Retrovir]), ddC (zalcitabine [Hivid], dideoxyinosine), d4T (stavudine [Zerit]), and 3TC (lamivudine [Epivir]). These drugs can curb the spread of HIV in the body and delay the onset of opportunistic infections. * Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIS): These drugs are used in combination with other medicines to help keep the virus from multiplying. Examples of NNRTIS are delavirdine (Rescriptor) and nevirapine (Viramune). * Protease inhibitors: These drugs interrupt the replication of the virus in another step in its life cycle. These include ritonavir (Norvir), a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir (Kaletra), saquinavir (Invirase), sulphate indinavir (Crixivan), amprenavir (Agenerase), and nelfinavir (Viracept). T
HIV/AIDS Treatment
2007-12-17 06:00:00
Over the past 10 years, several drugs to fight both the HIV infection and its associated infections and cancers have become available. * Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: They interrupt the virus from making copies of itself. These drugs are AZT (zidovudine [Retrovir]), ddC (zalcitabine [Hivid], dideoxyinosine), d4T (stavudine [Zerit]), and 3TC (lamivudine [Epivir]). These drugs may slow the spread of HIV in the body and delay the onset of opportunistic infections. * Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIS): These medications are used in combination with other drugs to help keep the virus from multiplying. Examples of NNRTIS are delavirdine (Rescriptor) and nevirapine (Viramune). * Protease inhibitors: These medications interrupt virus replication at a later step in its life cycle. These include ritonavir (Norvir), a lopinavir and ritonavir combination (Kaletra), saquinavir (Invirase), indinavir sulphate (Crixivan), amprenavir (Agenerase), and nelfinavir (Virace
Read more: AIDS
, Treatment
Exams and Tests
2007-12-17 05:59:00
The diagnosis of HIV infection can be made by detecting the presence of disease-fighting proteins called antibodies in the blood. These HIV antibodies are not generally seen until 1-3 months following infection. If you have been exposed to the HIV virus, early testing is important because it is generally believed that the earlier treatment is started the better your outcome. Furthermore, high-risk behaviors that could spread the virus to others can be avoided.Two different types of antibody tests, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and Western blot, are available. The screening test is the ELISA test, and Western blot is the confirmatory test. Both of these tests can be negative for up to 3 months after the exposure. In this situation, if the suspicion for HIV infection remains high, another, more accurate test can be performed. This test directly looks for the actual HIV particles in the blood.http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/AJQT
When to Seek Medical Care of HIV and AIDS
2007-12-17 05:56:00
If you have engaged in unprotected sex or shared needles while using drugs, you should have an HIV test. Early detection and treatment of the infection can slow the growth of HIV. * If you are pregnant, you may be able to reduce the risk to your unborn child by getting treatment early. * You can also avoid infecting others if you know that you have the disease. Testing is available anonymously and confidentially. You can even test yourself at home.People known to have HIV infection or AIDS
should go to the hospital any time they develop high fever, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, severe diarrhea, severe chest or abdominal pain, generalized weakness, severe headache, seizures, confusion, or change in mental status. These may be the indication of a life-threatening condition for which an urgent evaluation in the hospital's emergency department is recommended.http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/AJQT
HIV/AIDS Symptoms
2007-12-15 23:05:00
Many people have no symptoms after being infected with HIV. Some people have a flu-like illness within a few days to weeks after exposure to the virus. They complain of fever, headache, fatigue and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. These symptoms usually disappear on their own within a few weeks. * After the first infection, you may not have symptoms. The progression of the disease varies greatly between individuals. It can last from a few months to more than 10 years. O During this period, the virus remains active and multiply infects and kills the cells of the immune system. The immune system allows us to the fight against bacteria, viruses and other infectious causes. O The virus destroys the cells that the primary infection fighters, the so-called CD4 + or T4 cells. * Once the immune system weakened, a person infected with HIV, the development of the following symptoms: O Lack of energy O weight loss O Frequent fevers
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HIV/AIDS Causes
2007-12-14 10:25:00
Most commonly, hiv infection by having sex with an infected partner infectious. The virus enter the body through the lining of whois quality, genital, penis, anus or mouth during sex. Although AIDS
cases occurred early in the mostly male homosexuality in the United States than in most of the recent new cases of heterosexual population. It also spreads through contact with hiv * polluted infected through transfusion of blood or blood and blood components. The spread among injecting drug users * hiv often share needles or syringes with an infected person from polluted blood. * Women to be transferred to suit their hiv 2006 babies during pregnancy or childbirth. * The virus does not spread through the sharing of food, including casual contact, utensils, towels, bedding, swimming pools, telephones, toilets or retired. Additionally, the virus is not infectious chimeulgwaui contacted by the sign. * Sexually Transmitted Diseases are already people such as syphilis, he
HIV/AIDS Overview
2007-12-14 10:21:00
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection has now spread to all the countries of the world and has infected more than 40 million people worldwide by the end of 2003. More than 1.1 million people in the United States are infected with the HIV virus. The scourge of AIDS
has been particularly devastating in sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of women among those adults infected with the HIV virus is rising. * HIV: A lentivirus a subgroup of retrovirus, the HIV virus that causes AIDS. The virus kills or damages the cells of the body's immune system. HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers. People diagnosed with AIDS may develop life-threatening illnesses from viruses and bacteria that rarely make healthy people sick. These infections are called opportunistic infections. * AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was first recognized in 1981 in New York. The epidemic is growing most rapidly among minority populations. The virus wa
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how to test HIV
2007-12-24 07:33:00
There are many reasons for the presence of HIV have been tested. O take advantage of early treatment and monitoring. The average life expectancy, HIV infection has increased dramatically in the past 10 years and new preventive treatments for opportunistic infections. HIV + early medical attention can retard growth. Slow the spread of the virus, the body is able toå—ã‘æµãã†long and life-threatening diseases and conditions that often accompany AIDS. O know about AIDS, the virus does not need to send, including other children and future sexual partners. O to practice medicine, such as zidovudine (azidothymidine), May reduce the risk of pregnant women infected with the AIDS virus to her fetus. Anonymous HIV testing is available in most countries. In many cases, the tests are funded by public health departments are being conducted at no cost. One anonymous testing that is no, except one is the test result of being able to access it becau
HIV testing introduction
2007-12-24 07:09:00
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV destroys the body's immune system and leads to AIDS. People with AIDS in developing many diseases "opportunistic" infections (such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer and infections of the skin), which ultimately lead to death. There is no cure for HIV / AIDS. Prevention is key. If you have been exposed to the HIV virus in any number of ways, it can be tested to see if he has the HIV antibody.How Human immunodeficiency virus HIV is transmitted Or The HIV virus can be transmitted through unprotected intercourse (vaginal, anal or oral sex), sharing needles, transfusion of blood products, mother to newborn (30% risk), and occupational exposure needle. From the moment that HIV enters the body, the virus starts replicating at a speed of 10 million new copies per day. Or 90% of all new HIV infections occur in developing countries, as in Africa and Asia, where the vast majority of cases
Dementia Due to HIV Infection Overview
2007-12-22 10:21:00
Decline in mental processes is a common complication of HIV infection * Although specific symptoms vary from person to person, which may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. Other product names are HIV-associated dementia and HIV / AIDS encephalopathy. * Common symptoms include decline of thought, or "cognitive", such as the functions of memory, reasoning, judgment, concentration and problem solving. * Other common symptoms are changes in personality and behavior, problems of language, and motor (movement), problems such as clumsiness and poor balance. * When these symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily activities, a diagnosis of dementia may be justified.AIDS dementia complex occurs normally as CD4 + drops to less than 200 cells / microliter. It may be the first sign of AIDS. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the frequency of ADC fell from 30-60% of people living with HIV to less than 20%.
Read more: Overview
HIV and AIDS no cure
2007-12-22 10:14:00
It is not for the treatment of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy, however, reduces the HIV virus in a very small number. * These drugs help to restore the immune system and fight infections and prevent the occurrence of cancer. Eventually, the virus can become resistant to available drugs, and the manifestations of AIDS
may develop. * Most of the opportunistic infections that will not happen until the CD4 + number less than 200. * Without the treatment of HIV infection leads to AIDS, people living with AIDS, in 2-3 years of life. * With a very active therapy, the number of AIDS deaths decreased by 12% in 1996 and 47% in 1997http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/AJQT
The treatment for esophageal cancer
2008-03-07 12:05:32
The treatment chosen for a person with esophageal cancer is strongly dependent on two main factors: the extent of the cancer and the overall health status of the person. In people who have very early stage in which the disease has not spread to lymph nodes or changes in the esophagus, surgery alone may be appropriate. However, people usually present with more advanced disease because the symptoms often develop only after the tumor has grown to a large or has spread. Therefore, there is often a large amount of tumor present before cancer treatment can even begin. There are a number of different methods that can be used in the treatment of esophageal cancer including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, in that people can tolerate this, combined modality treatment with surgery, r
stage of esophageal cancer
2008-03-07 12:03:32
After all these tests are performed, the stage of cancer is known. The staging of a cancer describes how cancer has grown into the esophagus, as well as whether it has spread This is often extremely important in terms of treatment which is offered for each patient. Before the staging systems are introduced, first some background on how cancers grow and spread, and therefore advance in the stadium.Cancers cause problems because they spread and can disrupt the normal functioning of organs. One way esophageal cancer can be spread by the local extension to invade through the normal structures in the chest and in the adjacent structures. These include the trachea, the diaphragm, and even in the large veins and arteries from the heart. All cancers can spread via local extension, and it is very c
Diagnosis of esophageal cancer
2008-03-07 12:00:08
Work is a oesophageal cancer usually begins after the patient shows symptoms. In the case of esophageal cancer, that usually means problems with swallowing. The first step is to establish the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Initial Testing times include a barium swallow, where the person barium swallows to allow viewing of the contours of the esophagus in x-rays. Generally, the esophagus is good, and if there is a defect in the smooth contour of the esophagus, it may suggest a cancer. The endoscopy is commonly done when people first with these symptoms. Using endoscopy, the area of concern in the esophagus can be consulted directly with a fiber-optic camera, as well as the location of the abnormality, the presence or absence of bleeding and the amount of obstruction can be seen all. Endosc
what the sign of esophageal cancer
2008-03-02 02:34:52
Over 90% of patients with esophageal cancer present with problems swallowing, often leading to a significant amount of weight loss before the actual diagnosis. The patients often complain of a sensation that food "stuck" somewhere in the chest, where the growth of cancer prevents the passage of food. Problems usually start with the food, but possibly even liquids could "get stuck" if the cancer progresses and continues to grow in the hollow tube that is the esophagus. This is similar to a bathroom drain is clogged up something is in the tube drainage water preventing, it is based and is not allowed to pass. This is obviously uncomfortable for the patient and could even cause pain with swallowing normal if the lining of the esophagus is irritated by the growing tumor. Although these are the
what the screening available for esophageal cancer
2008-03-02 02:29:18
No mass screening recommendations to the general public alone, and there is no screening test at all for carcinoma of the esophagus. This makes it even more important to reduce the risk factors for cancer, squamous cell principally heavy smoking and alcohol. However, screening and surveillance is very important in patients with Barrett esophagus do to ensure that it does not evolve into adenocarcinoma. As mentioned, several medical or surgical interventions can be done to try to reverse the Barrett esophagus, but the effect of these is unfounded. So the best way to ensure that the Barrett esophagus does not cause problems is repeated assessments through biopsy through endoscopy. Although the Barrett esophagus, by definition, is when the lining of the esophagus is abnormal, there can be var
Read more: available
causes of esophageal cancer
2008-03-02 01:06:42
Smoking is by far the strongest risk factor associated with the development of squamous cell cancer of the esophagus, with the alcohol probably play a supporting role. So, smoking and reducing alcohol intake are by far the best methods of reducing the risk of developing carcinoma of the esophagus.How do think that the majority of adenocarcinomas of developing Barrett's esophagus, the best prevention of adenocarcinoma would decrease the risk of chronic GERD, the cause of Barrett's esophagus in the first place. While much of this is outside the control of the patient, reducing caffeine intake, reducing alcohol intake, smoking, obesity can all reduce and prevent reflux. Although pharmaceutical agents for the prevention of acid secretion (histamine blockers, proton pump inhibitors) can be effe
Read more: causes
Who is the risk Esophageal cancer
2008-03-02 00:40:23
Esophageal cancer occurs in approximately 13500 Americans a year, causing some of 12500 deaths. Most patients are diagnosed in their 50 or 60 years, with about four times more men than women diagnosed. That said, there is a dichotomy of patients who develop esophageal cancer. In the past, the vast majority (~ 85%) of the esophagus cancers were diagnosed squamous cell cancers that occurred in the upper esophagus. Risk factors for this type of cancer include tobacco and alcohol. Although both are thought to be independent risk factors (with smoking being the strongest), it seems there is a synergistic effect between the two for the development of esophageal cancer. In other words, people who both smoke and drink heavily are an exceptionally high risk of developing esophageal cancer, compared
Chemotherapy for colon cancer
2008-02-27 06:18:33
Despite the fact that most patients have every tumor removed by surgery, as many as 50 to 60% will develop a recurrence. Chemotherapy is given to reduce the chance of recurrence. There is some controversy about whether or not patients with stage II should receive chemotherapy. Studies have not consistently demonstrated a benefit for the treatment of these patients. Generally, patients with stage II disease who present with an intestinal perforation or obstruction, or have poorly differentiated tumors (determined by a pathologist looking at the tumor under a microscope), are considered at higher risk of recurrence and are treated with 6 months - Fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) (both chemotherapy agents). Other patients with stage II are followed closely, but generally do not receive
surgery for colon cancer
2008-02-27 06:13:46
Surgery is the most common treatment for cancer of the colon. If the cancer is limited to a polyp, the patient may experience a polypectomy (removal of polyps), or a local excision, in which a small amount of surrounding tissue is removed. If the tumor invades the intestinal wall or surrounding tissues, the patient will require a partial resection (removal of the cancer and part of the intestine) and the removal of local lymph nodes to determine if the cancer has spread to them. After the tumor is removed, the two remaining ends of the colon are linked, enabling normal intestinal function. In some situations, it may not be possible to restore the colon, and a colostomy (an opening in the abdominal wall to allow the passage of stool) is required.
Screening Tests are Available for colon cancer
2008-02-27 05:44:00
Some tumors and polyps May bleed intermittently, and this blood can be detected in stool samples using a test called fecal occult blood test (FOBT). In itself, FOBT is only about 24% of cancers. It is recommended by the American Cancer Society that FOBT be done annually, along with a flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years after age 50. This combination of test detects about 76% of the tumors of the colon. The sigmoidoscope is a small, flexible tube that has the ability to see about 1 / 3 of the colon. If a polyp or tumor is detected with this test, the patient must be referred for a full colonoscopy to have the polyp removed and tested for cancer.The colonoscope is similar to the sigmoidoscope, but is larger and therefore can view the entire colon. If a polyp is found, the doctor can remove
Read more: Screening
Can I Prevent Colon Cancer
2008-02-27 05:28:51
Given the things that put a person at greater risk, low-fat diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in red meat, along with regular exercise and maintaining a healthy body weight, may aide in the prevention. The term chemoprevention can be defined as "the use of a chemical compound to prevent, inhibit or reverse the formation of cancer." There are ongoing studies looking vitamins A, E, D, C, folic acid, calcium, selenium, aspirin, cox-2 inhibitors, statin medications (traditionally used to lower cholesterol), hormone replacement therapy as potential chemopreventive agents that may prevent or reverse the formation of polyps and colon cancer. Until now, these studies were inconclusive, so we can not be made specific recommendations for the general population. Some of these agents continue
Read more: Colon
, Cancer
who risk of colon cancer
2008-02-27 05:23:24
Colon is the third most common type of cancer in both males and females, in the western world. The incidence is higher in African Americans, who are also more likely to die of the disease. Certain factors put people at greater risk, with about 105000 new cases per year in the United States, we must all be aware of this deadly disease. The risk of colon cancer increases significantly after age 50, but every year there are numerous cases reported in younger people. Individuals with a personal or family history of colon cancer, polyps or colon inherited syndromes (ie, FAP and HNPCC), and patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, are all at greater risk and may require screening in the early age that the population in general. A person with a first-degree relative (parents, siblings
Chemotherapy for cervical cancer
2008-02-21 01:49:20
Despite the fact that tumors are removed by surgery or treatment with radiotherapy, there is always a risk of recurrence, because there can be microscopic cancer cells left in the body. In order to reduce the risk of a patient a recurrence, are often offered chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer drugs that pass through the entire body. Virtually all patients who are in good clinical status and receive radiation for stage II or higher cervical cancer will be offered chemotherapy, in addition to their radiation. It may also be offered to patients sooner, depending on the elements of its case. There have been many studies that demonstrate the usefulness of adding chemotherapy to radiation in terms of decreasing mortality from cervical cancer.There are many different chemotherap
Radiotherapy for cervical cancer
2008-02-21 01:46:26
Radiotherapy has proved very effective in the treatment of cervical cancer. Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays (similar to x-rays) to kill cancer cells. Radiotherapy is another option besides surgery early stage cervical cancer, and when advanced cervical cancer should be treated, it is usually done with radiotherapy. Surgery and radiation treatments were shown to be equivalent to the early stage cervical cancers, and radiation helps prevent surgery in patients who are too ill to take risk anesthesia. Radiation has the advantage of being able to deal with all diseases of the radiation field, so lymph nodes can be treated, as well as the primary tumor during the same treatment.Radiotherapy for cervical cancer or comes from an external source (external beam radiation) or from a source intern
Surgery of cervical cancer
2008-02-21 01:43:43
Surgery is usually only used in the early stage cervical cancers. The aim of the operation is to eliminate as much as possible illness, but generally is not used unless all of the cancer can be removed at the time of surgery. Cancers that have a high probability of being already in the lymph nodes are not treated with surgery (lymph nodes are small pea-sized, pieces of fabric that the filter clean and lymph, a liquid waste product). There are some types of surgeries that can be performed. The first stage IA tumors can be treated with a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix). Bigger stage IA, IB stage, and occasionally stage II tumors can be treated with more extensive hysterectomies coupled with lymphadenectomies (procedures to remove lymph nodes in the pelvis). Depending on the a
Read more: Surgery
Treatment of cervical cancer
2008-02-21 01:38:34
Women who have pre-cancerous lesions demonstrated on biopsy after colposcopy have few different options how to proceed. A woman can decide on a particular option, depending on whether or not she plans to have children in the future, their current health status and life expectancy, and their concerns about the future and the possibility of a cancer return. You should talk to your doctor about you fears, concerns and preferences. Sometimes, women with low-grade lesions may choose not to have any further treatment, especially if the biopsy removed the entire lesion. If you decide to do this, you need frequent pelvic examinations and Pap tests. There are few ways to eliminate pre-cancerous lesions without removing the entire uterus (and thus preserve the woman's ability to have a baby in the f
Read more: Treatment
who risk cervical cancer
2008-02-21 01:23:41
The cervical cancer is much more common in developing countries than in developed countries, especially the United States. In the EU, it is expected that 13000 women will develop cervical cancer in 2002, and 4100 women die from cervical cancer in 2002. This places cervical cancer as the most common 12 of the women who develop cancer, as well as a 14 th most common cause of death from cancer among women in the EU However, cervical cancer is the 2 nd most common cause of cancer death in developing nations, with about 370000 new cases each year with a mortality rate of 50%. There has been a 75% decrease in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in developed nations over the last 50 years. Most of this reduction is attributed to the institution of effective screening of cervical cancer
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