Owner: future of coding URL:http://softcracked.googleapges.com/index.html Join Date: Thu, 11 Oct 2007 04:23:32 -0500 Rating:0 Site Description: This refers to transforming or changing the characteristics of a signal to make it more suitable for some intended application, usually for transmission from one location to another or for storage onto some medium that is different than the original mediu Site statistics:Click here
Perl - cPanel V3 and the @INC 2007-10-09 08:32:00 Modifying @INC in a SCRIPTuse Module;is executed during compile time so if you modify the @INC array at run time it will not be reflected back in the compile time. So if you have to include any more include locations in the @INC inside a script, give it inside the BEGIN { }block.BEGIN{ push @INC,"location";}The BEGIN blocks are executed during compile time. So @INC is updated at compile time and the use module are correctly searched for in the updated directories.cPanel
-v3 Scriptmy $homedir = (getpwuid($>))[7];my $n_inc = scalar @INC;for (my $i = 0; $i < $n_inc; $i++ ) { if (-d $homedir . '/perl' . $INC[$i]) { unshift(@INC,$homedir . '/perl' . $INC[$i]); $n_inc++; $i++; }}This script dint work for me much, so I manually included the include locations into the BEGIN segment.#! /usr/bin/perl -wBEGIN {unshift @INC,"/home/directory/perl/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.7/";}...
Introduction to Windows - Programming for Windows 2007-10-09 08:31:00 History - DOSDisk Operating System aka DOS was one of the earlier operating systems, it was a single task system, where the whole system and the OS was devoted to executing a single program and was basically a text based OS.With the advent of the Windows
Operating System, multiple process or applications could be run and it became a graphical OS (interface). So in order to support new features the basic structure of C/C++ programs changed from the main(){...} procedure to something of a program as shown below and the a new compiler is required for compiling and generating Windows Executables, Visual C++ is such an example./*Program toDisplay a Window on WindowsTest Compiled using Visual C++*/#include LRESULT CALLBACK WindowFunc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);char szWinName[] = "MyWin";int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpszArgs,int nWinMode){ HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASSEX wcl; wcl.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcl.hInstance = hInstance; wcl.lpszClassName Read more:Introduction
, Programming
Perl Script to Login to Orkut 2007-10-08 06:48:00 Perl Script to Login
to Orkut
FinallySucceeded in making the Perl Script that logs you into Orkut! Signing into Orkut is much more than a simple POST, Google is always clever so that they make things complex for automating the login process. Anyway here is the complex script, ..AlgorithmGoto www.orkut.comCheck whether the title is Home.If not find the source of login page IFRAMEFill the username and password and submit the FORM.Find the follow link from the next page.Goto the followlink and GET the redirect page URLGoto the redirect pageGoto Orkut.com/home.aspxYour done.Note:Tested on Linux (FC6, Perl 5.8.8)The following script is for linux, Will run on Windows too but the ANSI coloring may not work...Windows Program is given below the program for Linux (without ANSI coloring).For Linux (with ANSI coloring)use WWW::Mechanize;use HTTP::Cookies;use HTTP::Request::Common;$cj=HTTP::Cookies->new(file => "cookie.jar",autosave=>1,ignore_discard=>1);$mech = WWW::Mechanize->new(cookie_jar => $c
Sorting Algorithm - Hypercard 2007-10-06 11:10:00 Could you tell me the fastest sorting algorithm? I am using Hypercard. I need to sort fields that are about 125 entries in length. I am using an algorithm that I think is called boolean. Is there a faster method? Right now it takes about 7-8 minutes to sort on a Mac Classic 2. If you could explain the principle behind the algorithm I think I could extrapolate the code into hypertalk.An entire chapter of NUMERICAL RECIPES is devoted to sorting algorithms. The authors say that the "straight insertion" method is adequate for small (a ) { arr[i+1] = arr[i]; i--; } arr[i+1] = a; } /* end for loop */An added caveat: the C code in NUMERICAL RECIPES assume that array indices start at 1 NOT 0 !!Response #: 2 of 2Author: Clayton S. FernerText: The fastest sorting algorithm depends on what you are sorting. But, in general, quicksort and heapsort are about the fastest you can do. Insertion sort is efficient for small lists, but quicksort and heapsort will out perfor Read more:Sorting
Object Oriented Programming (OOP). 2007-10-06 10:54:00 How does object oriented programming work? Specifically, what separates Cform C++? Why does it seem necessary that one understand OOP before tryingto program in Windows?Well, they are similar in that both use the C language. They are differentin that C++ expands on C. In Object
Orientated Programming
(OOP), you createobjects. These objects are used to create new objects. Then your programscall these objects. If you want to improve a program, you just need tochange the objects, not the whole program.Windows is big on OOP's because it uses large classes of objects. You makecalls to create a window of x,y or you create a scroll list, etc. You donot need to design these objects, you just use them. Then if the object isever redone, you just need to recompile.There is more to OOP, but I hope this helps. Read more:Oriented
What is a good compiler for learning C? 2007-10-06 10:51:00 Which C language program is the best for a beginner? Some are telling me Borland Turbo C++. I have a book by Herbert Schildt called "Teach Yourself C". I have had previous experience in C programming in college (and BASIC or course), but I have pretty much forgotten most of it (it was my last semester, Party, Party, Party and then some). Any suggestions would be appreciated.Borland C is how I started. I found it pretty easy. Learn C first then go on to C++ if you plan on large programming projects where the advantages of Object Oriented Programming become important. I think that the type of compiler is less important than a good ext. The only thing I would really consider important in choosing a compiler package is the debugger, esp. for C! True, true. Another consideration is ANSI standard code, depending on your applications.
use ARCHIE on the Internet 2007-10-03 08:10:00 1. Telnet to an archie server (you may have done that already).2. login archie.3. at this point you could type help to get that servers commands.4. or you could type prog followed by a space and a filename.5. at this point you could print this list from your telecom buffer or..6. have it sent to you. To have the list mailed to you type mail followed by your e-mail address.7. when finished leave gracefully by typing exit.All of this will tell you where a file is. If you do not know where the nearest archie server is, then try these: archie.mcgill.ca or archie.ans.net or archie.rutgers.edu and send e-mail to one to get the command list. Just type help in the body of the message. I hope this helps. Read more:Internet
UNIX library 2007-10-03 08:09:00 I have a question about UNIX. I found that there are lots of files with .so suffix in usr/lib directory. What does it mean? I need libX11.a, but I do not have it. I have libX11.so and libX11.so.5.0. Are they related? Could I transfer .so to .a? How would I do that? ".so" means "shareable object", and you can use a .so file inplace of a .a file if you tell the linker it is ok. On the Sun, you do this by specifying the "-Bdynamic" switch to the linker, ld. In general, type "man ld" or "man cc" to find out what to do.
BUS, BIOS, and Light-based computers 2007-10-01 08:57:00 was reading the response to the "686 Problem". What is a "BUS"? What is "BIOS"? Do these terms apply to the new generation of light-based processors being researched?BUS - This is the term used to describe the path taken by data between memory, peripherals, and the processors. Each path has a BUS. BIOS - This stands for Basic Input and Output Services. This information tells the computer what peripherals are connected (memory, mass storage, etc.) for basic input and output. Read more:computers
PC Questions. PC, EISA, LOCAL BUS, QIC-80 2007-10-01 08:54:00 I have some questions about PC's. What is EISA, LOCAL BUS, and Micro Channel? For QIC-80 Tape Driver, should I remove one of FD if I want to add a QIC-80 Driver. If I have an ESDI HD, could I add a SCSI HD or Syquest HD? For SCSI control, what is Direction Kit, master Kit, SVP, and DNK?This will be a multi-part answer. ISA, EISA, MCA, and Local Bus: All of these are 'BUSes'. On the inside of a computer, data must flow between I/O devices (hard disk, video, etc.), memory (special I/O device or mass storage), ROM (hard coded instructions), and the CPU. Data is passed between these devices via a 'BUS.' When a PC is purchased, many times the processor will be referred to as 16 bit or 32 bit. For example, a 386dx is a 32 bit processor. This means it internally operates at 32 bits and can also access memory at 32 bits. This memory addressing is done over a 32 bit 'BUS.' The memory bus is dedicated for just accessing memory. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture), EISA (E
Code Conventions for the JavaTM Programming Language Part 3 2007-09-29 10:16:00 Declarations6.1 Number Per LineOne declaration per line is recommended since it encourages commenting. In other words, int level; // indentation levelint size; // size of tableis preferred over int level, size;Do not put different types on the same line. Example: int foo, fooarray[]; //WRONG!Note: The examples above use one space between the type and the identifier. Another acceptable alternative is to use tabs, e.g.: int level; // indentation levelint size; // size of tableObject currentEntry; // currently selected table entry6.2 InitializationTry to initialize local variables where they're declared. The only reason not to initialize a variable where it's declared is if the initial value depends on some computation occurring first. 6.3 PlacementPut declarations only at the beginning of blocks. (A block is any code surrounded by curly braces "{" and "}".) Don't wait to declare variables until their first use; it can confuse the unwary programmer and hamp Read more:Programming
Code Conventions for the JavaTM Programming Language Part 2 2007-09-28 05:47:00 4 - IndentationFour spaces should be used as the unit of indentation. The exact construction of the indentation (spaces vs. tabs) is unspecified. Tabs must be set exactly every 8 spaces (not 4). 4.1 Line LengthAvoid lines longer than 80 characters, since they're not handled well by many terminals and tools. Note: Examples for use in documentation should have a shorter line length-generally no more than 70 characters. 4.2 Wrapping LinesWhen an expression will not fit on a single line, break it according to these general principles: Break after a comma. Break before an operator. Prefer higher-level breaks to lower-level breaks. Align the new line with the beginning of the expression at the same level on the previous line. If the above rules lead to confusing code or to code that's squished up against the right margin, just indent 8 spaces instead. Here are some examples of breaking method calls: someMethod(longExpression1, longExpression2, longExpression3, longExpression4, long Read more:Programming
Laern C# by practicale Part 5 2007-09-22 03:18:00 Using Variables: A Word Introduction A word is a group of 16 consecutive bits. The bits are counted from right to left starting at 0: Considered as a group of 16 bits, the most right bit of a word, bit 0, is called the least significant bit or Low Order bit or LO bit or LOBIT. The most left bit, bit 15, is called the most significant bit or High Order bit or HI bit or HIBIT. The other bits are referred to using their positions: bit 1, bit 2, bit 3, etc.Considering that a word is made of two bytes, the group of the right 8 bits is called the least significant byte or Low Order byte or LO byte or LOBYTE. The other group is called the most significant byte or High Order byte or HI byte or HIBYTE. The representation of a word in binary format is 0000000000000000. To make it easier to read, you can group bits by 4, like this: 0000 0000 0000 0000. Therefore, the minimum binary value represented by a word is 0000 0000 0000 0000. The minimum decimal value of a word is 0. The minimum hex
Learn C# by Practicale Part 4 2007-09-21 12:07:00 Using Variables: A Byte Introduction A byte is a group or eight consecutive bits. The bits are counted from right to left starting at 0:The most right bit is bit 0; it is called the least significant bit. It is also referred to as the Low Order bit, the LO bit, or LOBIT. The most left bit is bit 7; it is called the most significant bit. It is also referred to as the High Order bit, the HI bit, or HIBIT. The other bits are referred to following their positions:Using the binary system, you can represent the byte using a combination of 0s and 1s. When all bits have a value of 0, the byte is represented as 00000000. On the other hand, when all bits have a value of 1, the byte is represented as 11111111. When the number grows very large, it becomes difficult to read. Therefore, you can represent bits in groups of four. Instead of writing 00000000, you can write 0000 0000. This makes the number easier to read.If you have the patience to create combinations of bits using the cups as we
Learn C# by practicals Part 3 2007-09-20 08:53:00 Using Variables: Representing NumbersA Bit The computer (or an Intel computer, or a computer that runs on an Intel microprocessor) uses the binary system to represent its information. It represents data using only a 0 or 1 value: 0 1 You can represent a piece of information with one of two states. This technique of representing values is the same as the binary system. In the computer, it uses values 0 and/or 1, which themselves are called digits. The entity used to represent such a value is called a binary digit; in its abbreviated form, it is called a bit (for binary digit). The bit (binary digit) is the most fundamental representation of the computer's counting system.Although the C# compiler recognizes a bit, you cannot store a variable in a bit. However, eventually, you will be able to manipulate the information stored in a bit.The Four-Bit Combination The single bit is used only to represent a tinny piece of information. To get effective numbers, the computer combines the bi
Learn C# by Practicals Part 2 2007-09-17 07:02:00 Introduction to Variables:The Numeric SystemsWhen a computer boots, it “loads” the operating system. If you want to use a program, you must find it either on the Start menu or from its directory and take the necessary action to open it. Such a program uses numbers, characters, meaningful words, pictures, graphics, etc, that are part of the program. As these things are numerous, so is the size of the program, and so is the length of time needed to come up. Your job as a programmer is to create such programs and make them available to the computer, then to people who want to interact with the machine. To write your programs, you will be using alphabetic letters that are a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z. You will also use numeric symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Additionally, you will use characters that are not easily readable but are part of the common languag
Learn C# by examples part 1 2007-09-15 11:47:00 C# (pronounced "C Sharp") is a language used to create computer applications that tell the machine what to do and when. In the various lessons on this web site, we study the C# language by creating console applications, which are text-based programs that display their results in a black or gray window.C#, pronounced c sharp, is a computer language used to give instructions that tell the computer what to do, how to do it, and when to do it. This is a universal language that is used on many operating systems, including Microsoft Windows. C# is one of the languages used in the Microsoft .NET Framework. The Microsoft .NET Framework is a library of objects that create or draw things on the computer.Console Applications The C# language is used to create applications that display on a black window referred to as the DOS prompt or DOS window. Those are the types of applications we will learn to create in our lessons.To study the C# language, we will use Microsoft Visual C# 2005 Express Editio
ABAP Source Code Enhancements 2007-09-13 08:09:00 UseAs part of the enhancement concept, it is possible to enhance ABAP source code, without modifications, using source code plug-ins.You can execute enhancements to implicit and explicit enhancement options. The Enhancement Builder tool for defining explicit enhancement options and for implementing enhancements is integrated in the ABAP Editor.In the nomenclature of the enhancement concept, an enhancement option represents (in an ABAP source code) both the enhancement spot element definition, and the enhancement spot element call. A source code plug-in, however, refers to an enhancement implementation element of a (simple) enhancement implementation.Source
Code Plug-in TechnologyAlthough source code plug-ins are displayed in the same source code as the respective enhancement options, the plug-ins are actually stored in other include programs managed by the Enhancement Builder:The following enhancement option types are available in a source code:· ENHANCEMENT-POINT – can eithe Read more:Enhancements
Coding Cokkie Part 2 2007-09-10 09:18:00 Baking a Cookie with Multiple ValuesThe previous two examples have used a single variable. Now you can try creating a cookie file that stores multiple values: Start with the HTML template. < HTML>< HEAD>< TITLE>Setting a cookie [3]< /TITLE>< SCRIPT LANGUAGE="vbscript">< /SCRIPT>< BODY BGCOLOR="white">< CENTER>< INPUT TYPE="button" NAME="cmdButton1" VALUE="Get Cookie Value">< /CENTER>< /BODY>< /HTML>Add the following code between the < SCRIPT > tags: 1: Dim VarName 2: Dim VarVal 3: Dim VarName1 4: Dim VarVal1 5: Dim Exp 6: 7: Exp = "expires=Wednesday, 09-Nov-1999 23:12:40 GMT" 8: VarName = "mycookie" 9: VarVal = Date()10: VarName1 = "nextname"11: VarVal1 = "anything;"12:13: Document.Cookie = VarName & "=" & VarVal & ";"& VarName1 & "=" & VarVal1 & ExpNotice that in this example the semicolon that delimits the second value is attached to the string as part of the second value. Again, add the event handler for the button, which displays the two name/value pairs as shown in Figure 19.4. Read more:Coding
Cookies with VBScript Part 1 2007-09-06 09:16:00 So what is a cookie? A cookie is a simple text file that is linked to a particular Web document and is stored on the client machine. "Ah," I can hear you say, "but VBScript doesn't allow you to read and write files on the client machine." In the general sense this is true, but cookies are not ordinary files. A cookie file is a very limited ASCII text; therefore, it cannot contain any potentially harmful binary code. Furthermore, the only way that it can be written to or read from the Web is by the page that originally created it. To see the cookie files you've already collected on your travels around the Web, open your Windows Explorer and open the Cookies
subdirectory within the Windows directory. Security IssuesWhen cookies were first introduced, some people thought-and some still do-that the humble cookie would be a security risk. So first of all, let me put your mind at ease. Cookies cannot read information from your hard drive, nor can they publicize your personal information to
How to create an EXE file 2007-09-03 22:59:00 If you want to launch Gentee programs as exe files, then use the ge2exe program. It allows to create
an .exe file from a source file (.g file) or a compiled bytecode (.ge file). Such .exe file is executed without any extra modules. It can be useful, when you wish to use the program on other computers. GE files are created when compiling programs in Gentee.ge2exe.exe [switches] [output file]switches - options. You can specify the following options:-e – launch the .exe file after creation.-d – do not include gentee.dll to the created .exe file. In this case, for launching the program gentee.dll is required. This option may be useful if you have several programs in one directory.-w – wait for keystroke after the .exe file is created.-i - link .ico file. It must be the next argument.-i "c:datamyicon.ico"-r - link .res file. It must be the next argument.-r "c:datamyres.res"-c - make a console application. Default for .g and .ge files.-g - make a gui application. Default for .gw a
Create Batch File Part 4 2007-09-01 06:31:00 AUTOEXEC in NTNT does not use AUTOEXEC.BAT, the file is called AUTOEXEC.NT and should be found in the C:WINNTsystem32 folder. Here is a sample AUTOEXEC.NT file:@echo offREM AUTOEXEC.BAT is not used to initialize the MS-DOS environment.REM AUTOEXEC.NT is used to initialize the MS-DOS environment unless aREM different startup file is specified in an application's PIF.REM Install CD ROM extensionslh %SystemRoot%system32mscdexnt.exeREM Install network redirector (load before dosx.exe)lh %SystemRoot%system32
edirREM Install DPMI supportlh %SystemRoot%system32dosxSET PCSA=C:PW32dnp16.exe *.NT and *.CMD.NT and .CMD may be used as .BAT files were used in earlier versions of Windows. You may notice on NT systems that there are fewer and fewer .BAT files. Try seaching for .NT or .CMD and you will find many of the same types of batch files that were available as .BATs. For example: CONFIG.NT has a similar function to the old CONFIG.SYS of Windows. ---------------------------------------
Creating Batch Files Part 3 2007-08-30 11:55:00 PAUSEPauses until the user hits a key.This displays the familiar "Press any key to continue..." message.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------REMAllows a remark to be inserted in the batch script.REM DIR C:WINDOWS Not run as a command DIR C:WINDOWS Run as a command --------------------------------------------------------------------------------ECHOSetting ECHO "on" will display the batch process to the screen, setting it to "off" will hide the batch process.@ECHO OFF Commands are NOT displayed @ECHO ON Commands are displayed ECHO can also be used in batch file to send output to the screen: @ECHO OFFECHO.ECHO Hi, this is a batch fileECHO.PAUSE ECHO. sends a blank line.To echo special characters, precede them with a caret:ECHO ^Otherwise you will get an error.The @ before ECHO OFF suppresses the display of the initial ECHO OFF command. Without the @ at the beginning of a batch file the results of the ECHO OFF command will be displayed. The @ ca Read more:Creating
Creating Batch Files Part 2 2007-08-27 23:12:00 Put a disk in the drive and double-click the .bat file icon. Batch File Utilities and CommandsAny valid DOS command may be placed in a batch file, these commands are for setting-up the structure and flow of a batch file. CLSClears the screen--------------------------------------------------------------------------------EXITExits the command-line process when the batch file terminatesEXIT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------BREAKWhen turned on, batch file will stop if the user presses < Ctrl >-< Break > when turned off, the script will continue until done.BREAK=ON BREAK=OFF --------------------------------------------------------------------------------CALLCalls another batch file and then returns control to the first when done.CALL C:WINDOWSNEW_BATCHFILE.BAT Call another programCALL C:calc.exe Details. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------CHOICEAllows user input. Default is Y or N. You may ma Read more:Creating
Increasing the karma ratings on Orkut 2007-10-16 02:28:00 Continued ... "http://www.orkut.com/setKarma?cat=0&val=1&gid=FR[friends id here]/[your id here]"Eg: "http://www.orkut.com/setKarma? cat=0&val=1&gid=FRUS00000000000/US00123456789"The above illustrates the page you have to make your friend to access to make he/she your fan.The same can be modified to increase (can decrease also) your cool, sexy and trusty karma
ratings. The cat=0 in the URL specifies the fan function. cat=1 : stands for trusty rating.cat=2 : stands for cool rating.cat=3 : stands for sexy rating.The next GET parameter val=1 has to be modified as : val = 0: for 0 ratingval = 1: for 1 val = 2: for 2val = 3: for full rating.So our final URL for full trusty rating is : "http://www.orkut.com/setKarma?cat=1&val=3&gid=FR[friends id here]/[your id here]"Eg: "http://www.orkut.com/setKarma? cat=1&val=3&gid=FRUS00000000000/US00123456789"for Cool rating : "http://www.orkut.com/setKarma?cat=2&val=3&gid=FR[friends id here]/[your id here]"Eg: "http://www.orkut.com/setKarma? cat=2&val=3& Read more:Increasing
, Orkut
XPM File format Making codes 2007-10-16 02:26:00 IntroXPM or XPixMap is a bitmap format
in unix based systems. It is a relatively easy format to understand, XPM files have a format similar to a C source code of a string array./* XPM */static char * var name[] = {"","","" //etc....};The first line is XPM in standard C comments. Second is an array declaration with a valid token as variable name.The array index 0 [0] : contains the following %d %d %d %d [%d %d] [%d]which are : Width,Height,Number of colors, Characters Per Pixel, optional X & Y Hotspots, optional XPM Extension.The array indexes 1-> number of colors indicates the color section.The strings in these section take the following format : %s %s %sThe first contains the characters that represent the pixels. The number of characters used to represent a pixel is given by Characters Per Pixel field in array[0].The second string represents control characters that defines what the following field is about.switch(control character){case 'm' : Mono colorcase 's' : Symbolic namecase
Python Basics Coding Part4 2007-10-15 02:16:00 Classes and OOPPython
supports OOP and classes to an extent, but is not a full OOP language. A class is a collection of variables and functions working with these variables. Classes are defined somewhat similarly to Java, but differences include self being used in place of this and constructors being named __init__ instead of classname. Also note that self must be used every time a class-wide variable is referenced and must be the first argument in each function's argument list, including the constructor. In addition, functions and constructors cannot be overloaded, but as discussed above, do support default arguments instead. Like functions, a class must be defined before it can be instantiated. In Python, all class members are public. Initializing vars: Only constant initializers for class variables are allowed (n = 1). To initialize variables with non-constant values, you must use the constructor. You cannot declare unitialized variables. Encapsulation: Python does not really suppo Read more:Basics
, Coding
Python Basics Coding Part3 2007-10-15 02:15:00 Conditionalsif:if expr: statementif-else:if expr: statement1else: statement2if-elseif: if expr: statement1elif expr: statement2else: statement3Multiple elifs can be included in the same if statement. There is no switch or case statement so multiple elifs must be used instead. While parenthesis are not required around the expression, they can be used. Examples:if a > b: print "a is greater than b";if (a > b): print "a is greater than b" print "blocks are defined by indentation"elif (a < b): print "a is less than b"else: print "a is equal to b" Loopsfor: for var in range(start [,stop [,inc]]): statementsNot unsimilar to IDL and basic, except for the range statement. var can be any variable. The range statement can take start and stop values, and an increment. while: while expr: statementsExecutes statements while the expression is true. continue: continueSkips the rest of the body of the loop for the current iteration and continue execution at the beginning of the next iteratio Read more:Basics
, Coding
, Python
Python Basics Codings Part2 2007-10-15 02:15:00 ArraysArrays in basic Python
are actually lists that can contain mixed datatypes. However, the numarray module contains support for true arrays, including multi-dimensional arrays, as well as IDL-style array operations and the where function. To use arrays, you must import numarray or from numarray import *. Unfortunately, numarray generally only suports numeric arrays. Lists must be used for strings or objects. By importing numarray.strings and numarray.objects, you can convert string and object lists to arrays and use some of the numarray features, but only numeric lists are fully supported by numarray. Creating lists: A list can be created by defining it with []. A numbered list can also be created with the range function which takes start and stop values and an increment.list = [2, 4, 7, 9]list2 = [3, "test", True, 7.4]a = range(5) #a = [0,1,2,3,4]a = range(10,0,-2) #a = [10,8,6,4,2] An empty list can be initialized with [] and then the append command can be used to append data to Read more:Basics
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