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Cleaning up your PC 2007-09-15 22:50:00 Now Is a Good Time to Clean UpProblems with loose power, data cable connections, or dust insinuating itself between these delicate connections are not uncommon with hard drives. Whenever I’m freshening a hard drive, I do some cleanup and tightening up:1. I follow the usual precautions for shutting down and turning off the PC, disconnecting power, removing the cover, and grounding myself.2. Once the system has cooled for several minutes, I make sure the screws holding the hard drive I’m about to reformat are in place. I carefully put my fingers on either side of the drive to make certain it’s firmly seated, and I eyeball it to be sure it’s not cocked at a strange angle. 3. I make sure the connection from the power supply is firmly seated in the back of the hard drive.4. I make sure the data cable is firmly seated into the back of the hard drive, as illustrated in Figure 16.1. Pin 1 with the red-coded line of the data cable faces the power connector.5. If there is an unusual amou Read more:Cleaning
Repartitioning and Reformatting with Windows XP 2007-09-15 22:39:00 Windows XP offers you two ways to partition and format a hard drive:Use the fdisk and format commands (or usually, just the format command).Use Windows XP Setup right from the install CD. (You may find this easier than using the Startup disk.)If all you want to do is format your C drive, use the first method. If you want to repartition and reformat your existing drive, or you’re prepping a new hard drive, use the second method. Warning Your PC must be able to boot from the CD/DVD drive for the second method to work. You can enable this option under BIOS Setup by adding the drive letter for your CD/DVD drive to the list of bootable drives. The steps for using Windows XP Setup are as follows:1. Place the Windows XP install CD into your CD/DVD drive.2. Shut down and restart your PC.3. When the PC restarts, it should boot from the CD. (Make sure you don’t have a floppy disk inserted in the floppy drive or it may be mistaken for a boot disk.) From the Welcome to Setup screen, press Ent Read more:Windows
Some Tips For Buying a PC 2007-09-15 22:16:00 If you’re anything like me, you may find that the time you really must replace an old PC with a new one is often just about the worst time to do so.Let me share my top 10 tips for smart PC purchasing:1. Never make a purchase without comparing prices and features, or you’ll pay too much.2. Never shop in a panic. 3. Try to compare prices among multiple systems in more than one store or online vendor.4. Don’t buy less than you need thinking you’ll upgrade later. Often you won’t upgrade, or you’ll pay more to add something than you would have if you’d bought it as part of a package originally.5. Determine whether the PC has many integrated components (video, network, sound, and/or modem) and whether you can upgrade with add-in components later if needed.6. Make sure that the PC you’re buying runs the version of Windows you want to use.7. Don’t buy a PC with less than a 20GB hard drive or you’ll exceed your disk capacity too quickly.8. If you’re buying a PC in a store Read more:Buying
Steps on choosing a motherboard 3 : 2007-09-15 06:35:00 Power management and system management We regard power management as a useless feature and do not use it. It saves little power, increases the wear and tear on the equipment due to frequent power cycling, and tends to cause bizarre incompatibilities. We have experienced numerous problems with ACPI, with many different motherboard
s and operating systems, including systems that go into a coma rather than going to sleep, requiring a hard reboot to recover, and so recommend not using it at all. If for some reason you need power management, make sure the motherboard you buy supports at least a subset of the ACPI specification. Most current motherboards support some ACPI functions, but determining exactly which requires detailed examination of the technical documents for that motherboard. System management is usually unimportant outside a corporate environment. If system management is an issue for you, look for a motherboard that supports all or some of the following features: voltage monit
Steps on choosing a motherboard 2 : 2007-09-15 06:34:00 Avoid hybrid motherboard
s Every time there's a change in memory technology, some motherboard manufacturers make motherboards that accept both the older and newer types of memory. With the change from SDR-SDRAM to DDR-SDRAM, you can expect to see such hybrid motherboards. We think buying a hybrid motherboard is a mistake, both because we've yet to see one that worked well with both types of memory, and because hybrid motherboards are usually problematic in other respects as well. Motherboards are relatively inexpensive. If you want to use SDR-SDRAM, buy an SDR-SDRAM motherboard. If you want to use DDR-SDRAM, buy a DDR-SDRAM motherboard. Check documentation, support, and updates Before you choose a brand or model of motherboard, check the documentation and support that's available for it, as well as the BIOS and driver updates available. Some people think that a motherboard that has many patches and updates available must be a bad motherboard. Not so. Frequent patch and update releas
Steps on choosing a motherboard 1 : 2007-09-15 06:30:00 Use the following guidelines when choosing a motherboard
: Decide which CPU to use The CPU you choose determines the type of motherboard you need. Choose an Intel Celeron or Pentium III (Socket 370), an Intel Pentium 4 (Socket 478), or an AMD Athlon or Duron (Socket A) motherboard. Don't buy a motherboard that uses an obsolescent or obsolete CPU connector, such as Socket 7, Slot 1, Slot A, or Socket 423. With fast Socket 370, Socket 478, and Socket A processors available at very low prices, there is no point to buying into older technology, even though motherboards and processors using that technology may remain available. Buy a motherboard that uses the right chipset For a single Intel Pentium III or Celeron processor, we recommend the Intel 815E or 815EP chipset. For dual Pentium III processors, we don't much like any of the currently available alternatives, but the VIA Apollo Pro266T chipset is probably the least bad choice. For AMD Athlon or Duron processors, choose the SiS 735 o
Things to Do with Old PCs 2007-09-14 20:22:00 So what do you do with an old PC that would cost too much to upgrade to current standards? We encounter that question frequently around here. We have everything from the latest multiprocessor boxes to creaking 386s. In fact, our original 1984-vintage IBM PC/XT died only a couple years ago, and it was doing useful work until its untimely demise. Here, in no particular order, are ten useful things to do with an old PC: Give it to your spouse In many households, one spouse is a PC power user and the other is much less demanding. She works at home doing serious number crunching and plays Quake for relaxation, while he just checks his email periodically and uses the Web to keep up with the PGA Tour results. Or viceversa. He might be happier having an older system all to himself than he would be sharing the latest, fastest PC. While you're at it, consider installing a home network, if only to share your Internet connection. You can do so using a traditional wired Ethernet, 802.11 wireless n
Removable Storage Devices Types 2007-09-14 09:50:00 There are several different types of removable storage devices. We discussed removable full-sized hard drives in the section on RAID. There are additional uses for these. One is for drives containing data only (no OS or programs) that can be easily switched from machine to machine, although networks usually do that job. Another use is as an easy way to switch OSs on a single computer, a job usually done by setting up the different OSs on different partitions. USB and FireWire (IEEE 1394) DrivesUSB and FireWire are external drives that connect easily into the appropriate port. They are especially good for backup and transferring large amounts of data from one machine to another without using a network connection, and they are hot-swappable (consult the manual to be sure). These take drive letters, just as internal hard drives. They cost a bit more than internal drives because of the housing and external power supply. When installing one of these drives, make sure you follow the directio Read more:Devices
System Resources 2007-09-14 06:45:00 System resources are the communication channels, addresses, and other signals that hardware devices use to communicate on the bus. At their lowest level, these resources typically include the following:IRQ (interrupt request) channelsDMA (direct memory access) channelsI/O port addressesI have listed these roughly in the order you would experience problems with them.IRQs cause more problems than DMAs because they are in much higher demand; virtually all cards use IRQ channels. Fewer problems exist with DMA channels because fewer cards use them, DMA channels are used only by the obsolete ISA standard, and there are usually more than enough channels to go around. I/O ports are used by all hardware devices on the bus, but there are technically 64KB of them, which means that there are plenty to go around. With all these resources, you must ensure that a unique card or hardware function uses each resource; in most cases, they cannot or should not be shared. These resources are required and u Read more:Resources
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Motherboard Components 2007-09-14 06:33:00 A modern motherboard has several components built in, including various sockets, slots, connectors, chips, and so on. This section examines the components found on a typical motherboard.Most modern laptop motherboards have at least the following major components on them:Processor socket/slotChipset (North/South Bridge or memory and I/O controller hubs)Super I/O chipROM BIOS (flash ROM/firmware hub)SO-DIMM (memory) sockets PC Card/CardBus chip and socket(s)Mini PCI slotMobile daughter card (MDC) socketCPU voltage regulatorBatteryMost laptop motherboards also include integrated video, audio, networking, or other optional interfaces, depending on the individual board.The chipset is the motherboard; therefore, any two boards with the same chipsets are functionally identical. The chipset contains the processor bus interface (called the front-side bus, or FSB), memory controllers, bus controllers, I/O controllers, and more. All the circuits of the motherboard are contained within the chipset Read more:Components
System Bus Types, Functions, and Features 2007-09-14 05:14:00 Motherboard : System
Bus Types, Functions
, and FeaturesThe heart of any motherboard is the various signal pathways or buses that carry signals between the components. A bus is a common pathway across which data can travel within a computer. This pathway is used for communication and can be established between two or more computer elements.The PC has a hierarchy of different buses. Most modern PCs have at least three main buses; some have four or more. They are hierarchical because each slower bus is connected to the faster one above it. Each device in the system is connected to one of the buses, and some devices (primarily the chipset) act as bridges between the various buses. The main buses in a modern system are as follows:Processor bus. Also called the front-side bus (FSB), this is the highest-speed bus in the system and is at the core of the chipset and motherboard. This bus is used primarily by the processor to pass information to and from cache or main memory and the North Bridge
Windows Keyboard Shortkey 2007-09-14 02:02:00 Sometimes we want a better and quick access in some program. Getting used to using keyboard exclusively and leaving mouse behind will make much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows
system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:Windows key + R = Run menuThis is usually followed by:cmd = Command Promptiexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorercompmgmt.msc = Computer Managementdhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Managementdnsmgmt.msc = DNS Managementservices.msc = Serviceseventvwr = Event Viewerdsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computersdssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and ServicesWindows key + E = Explorer ALT + Tab = Switch between windowsALT, Space, X = Maximize windowCTRL + Shift + Esc = Task ManagerWindows key + Break = System propertiesWindows key + F = SearchWindows key + D = Hide/Display all windowsCTRL + C = copyCTRL + X = cutCTRL + V = pasteAlso don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that
BIOS Beep Code Manual 2007-09-14 01:52:00 Beep Code Manual, for common BIOS : American Megatrends Int. & Phoenix BIOS Beep CodesWhen a computer is first turned on, or rebooted, its BIOS performs a power-on self test (POST) to test the system's hardware, checking to make sure that all of the system's hardware components are working properly. Under normal circumstances, the POST will display an error message; however, if the BIOS detects an error before it can access the video card, or if there is a problem with the video card, it will produce a series of beeps, and the pattern of the beeps indicates what kind of problem the BIOS has detected.Because there are many brands of BIOS, there are no standard beep codes for every BIOS.The two most-used brands are AMI (American Megatrends International) and Phoenix.Below are listed the beep codes for AMI systems, and here are the beep codes for Phoenix systems.AMI Beep CodesBeep Code Meaning1 beep DRAM refresh failure. There is a problem in the system memory or the motherboard.2 beeps
Usefull mIRC Commands 2007-09-14 01:29:00 Here is usefull mIRC command for irc geek like you :) / Recalls the previous command entered in the current window./! Recalls the last command typed in any window./action {action text} Sends the specifed action to the active channel or query window./add [-apuce] {filename.ini} Loads aliases, popups, users, commands, and events./ame {action text} Sends the specifed action to all channels which you are currently on./amsg {text} Sends the specifed message to all channels which you are currently on./auser {level} {nick|address} Adds a user with the specified access level to the remote userslist./auto [on|off|nickname|address] Toggles auto-opping of a nick or address or sets it on or offtotally. /away {away message} Sets you away leave a message explaining that you are not currently payingattention to IRC./away Sets you being back./ban [#channel] {nickname} [type] Bans the specified nick from the curent or given channel./beep {number} {delay} Locally beeps 'number' times with 'delay' in Read more:Commands
Using System Restore to Create Restore 2007-09-13 15:27:00 Using SystemRestore
to Create Restore Points and Recover from FailuresThe System Restore utility is new for the business line of Windows (although itwas introduced to the consumer line in Windows Me). It allows you to “return”your system to a point in time at which it’s settings were functioning optimally.The System Restore service monitors the operating system and detects changesto the operating system as well as certain application files. It also creates systemrestore points. System restore points are automatically created daily, and you mayalso create your own restore points manually.You may run into a situation where you cannot boot up a system normally,but it will boot into safe mode. In this case, you may boot into safe mode and run System Restore to return your system settings to a previous restore pointcreated when the system was working correctly.This may be quicker than ASR,and you will not lose any of your files as you might when restoring an out-ofdatebackup. Both Sy
Memory Types 2007-09-13 02:53:00 Memory TypesOver the years, four main types of memory have been used in PCs:FPM (Fast Page Mode)EDO (extended data out)SDRAM (synchronous dynamic RAM)DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)RDRAM (Rambus dynamic RAM)All of these, except the RDRAM, have been used in laptops and other portable systems. The following sections discuss each of these memory types in more detail.Fast Page Mode DRAMStandard DRAM is accessed through a technique called paging. Normal memory access requires that a row and column address be selected, which takes time. Paging enables faster access to all the data within a given row of memory by keeping the row address the same and changing only the column. Memory that uses this technique is called Page Mode or Fast Page Mode memory. Other variations on Page Mode were called Static Column or Nibble Mode memory. Most Intel 486 as well as AMD or Cyrix 5x86-based laptops from the mid-1990s and earlier used FPM memory. Paged memory is a simple scheme for improving memory perf Read more:Memory
Hardware : System Bus Types, Functions, and Features 2007-09-13 02:19:00 The heart of any motherboard is the various signal pathways or buses that carry signals between the components. A bus is a common pathway across which data can travel within a computer. This pathway is used for communication and can be established between two or more computer elements. The PC has a hierarchy of different buses. Most modern PCs have at least three main buses; some have four or more. They are hierarchical because each slower bus is connected to the faster one above it. Each device in the system is connected to one of the buses, and some devices (primarily the chipset) act as bridges between the various buses.The main buses in a modern system are as follows:Processor bus. Also called the front-side bus (FSB), this is the highest-speed bus in the system and is at the core of the chipset and motherboard. This bus is used primarily by the processor to pass information to and from cache or main memory and the North Bridge of the chipset. The processor bus in a modern system r Read more:Functions
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 2007-09-12 22:58:00 DHCP serverA host running a service to lease IP addresses to other hosts. The DHCP server is configured by an administrator with the pool, or scope, of addresses to be leased.DHCP is the automatic IP-address giver. In essence, an administrator configuresa DHCP server with a pool of addresses to lease out to hosts. The administratormay configure the server to lease out addresses to different networks by creatingseveral pools of addresses. Each pool of addresses contains the information that a TCP/IP host needs to build a TCP/IP stack. The pool is sometimes referred to as a scope, or range, of addresses. As a DHCP client is building its TCP/IP stack, it requests an IP address, and the DHCP server looks in the pools of addresses to see whether there are any IP addresses that can be leased out to the network that the host is on. ScopeA pool of IP addresses that a DHCP server leases to DHCP clients.The client doesn’t already have an IP address because the administrator did not type one in Read more:Configuration
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Choose your IP Address Configuration 2007-09-12 22:46:00 An administrator with only a few hosts on a network may determine that the best method of assigning IP addresses is to do so manually. An administrator who has 10 hosts on a network, for example, might sit in front of each of the 10 hosts and inputthe IP address, subnet mask, and possibly some other optional addresses. This may be the preferred method because there are only a few hosts to address. However, an administrator with 254 hosts on a network would have to type in all the information at each of the 254 hosts. While inputting this information 254 times, chances are the administrator would make a couple of typos here and there. Those typos might be difficult to troubleshoot. An administrator with 2,540 hosts would have a lot more typing to do and probably would make a lot more typos and face a lot of extra troubleshooting.Therefore, manually configuring IP addresses is efficient for only a few hosts. To assign IP addresses to the majority of their hosts, however, most administrat Read more:Address
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Class E Addresses 2007-09-12 22:35:00 Class E Addressing The last class of addresses is Class E. Class E addresses range from 240 to 255in the first octet, and the 4 leftmost bits are 1111.Class E addresses are reserved addresses and are invalid host addresses. Theyare used for experimental purposes by the IETF. Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)Is an IP addressing scheme that uses a slash followed by a number to highlight the network portion of an address instead of using a subnet mask.Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is an IP addressing scheme that was developed after the class system of A, B, C, D, and E. The traditional class system considers an IP address as four octets with the network portion of the address highlighted by a subnet mask. The standard network portion is the first octet, the first two octets, or the first three octets. CIDR addressing still represents IP addresses in the traditional dotted decimal notation, but highlights the network portion with a slash followed by a number. For example:192.1
All Vista Version 2007-09-27 12:07:00 A Quick Overview of All the VersionsHere’s the complete versions of the major Windows XP versions (roughly in order of increasing power), which we’ll compare with Vista
’s versions:1. Windows XP Starter Edition (less-developed countries only)2. Windows XP Home Edition N (European Union only)3. Windows XP Home Edition4. Windows XP Media Center Edition5. Windows XP Tablet Edition6. Windows XP Professional Edition N (European Union only)7. Windows XP Professional Edition8. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition You may not have heard much about Windows XP Starter Edition because it was only preinstalled on PCs in emerging countries to offer a lower price point.The N editions (which do not include Windows Media Player) were sold only in Europe to satisfy antitrust requirements there. All Windows XP product versions, except Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, were available only in 32-bit versions.All versions of Windows Vista, except Vista Starter, come in 32-bit and 64-bit versions.If
Hotel High-Speed Connections 2007-09-26 12:54:00 Hotel High-Speed
ConnectionsThe fastest wired connection you can make with your laptop is via its network interface to an accommodating LAN that has high-speed Internet access. These LANs can be found in branch offices of your company, in airline premium clubs, and in some forward-thinking coffee shops. The most likely place, however, for a business traveler to find high-speed wired access is in a hotel room. A Web site www.wiredhotels.com keeps a database of hotels with high-speed access, with a short description of the services available. Currently this site has listings for over 3,000 hotels.When reserving a room, be sure to check if a room with fast Internet access is available. When you arrive in the room, check that the access works. If it is not there or does not work correctly, ask the front desk to switch you to another room that is better equipped.DHCP—Any Address Will DoBefore you can become part of a hotel LAN or any other LAN that supports the popular TCP/IP protocol, yo Read more:Hotel
Dont do this with your laptop 2007-09-26 12:22:00 General System Care and HandlingLaptop computers are expensive machines built with significantly tighter tolerances than their desktop counterparts. Although most laptops are designed to function reliably in normal environments, it helps to use some common sense when transporting, operating, or otherwise handling a system. If you treat the system as if it were a very expensive piece of precision electronic machinery (which it truly is!), you will greatly minimize the chances of problems occurring.Instead of telling you what you should do to take care of your system, it is perhaps easier to tell you what you shouldn't do. I often observe people doing things to their laptop computers that make me cringe. Here is a list of bad things you should not do to your laptop computer:Drop, bump, or physically punish the system, especially while it is running.Drop the system. Even if it is in a carrying case, many cases are not padded well enough for rough treatment.Pack a laptop in luggage that w
Common PC Problems 2007-09-25 02:00:00 Heat Problems If your Computer runs hotTry this solution :- Check the fan operation.- Vacuum and use air spray inside the computer.- Make sure the vents aren't blocked.- Cover openings such as unused expansion card slots and drive bays.- Make sure the computer isn't near a heat source.- Make sure the fan works. Sound Problems If No sound Try this solution : - Make sure the speakers are connected, powered, and turned up.- Make sure the volume is up and not muted in the Windows volume control and Windows sound mixer.- Make sure sounds are enabled in the Multimedia/Sounds applet in Control Panel.- Check audio connectors. Make sure they are in the right jacks and free from damage.- Run SFC.- Check Device Manager for an installed sound card.- Install or reinstall the sound driver.- Try a known good sound card.- Update your soundcard driver from internet, you can check http://driverguide.comIf Bad sound Try this solution :- Check the audio connectors. Make sure they are in the right jacks Read more:Common
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