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Phone Busy Indicator (link) 2007-08-25 03:07:00 Click to Read MoreHave you ever been using the modem or fax and someone else picks up the phone, breaking the connection? Well, this simple circuit should put an end to that. It signals that the phone is in use by lighting a red LED. When the phone is not in use, a green LED is lit. It needs no external power and can be connected anywhere on the phone line, even mounted inside the phone.Source : http://www.aaroncake.net Read more:Indicator
FM Telephone Bug (link) 2007-08-25 03:05:00 Click to Read MoreHere is a simple transmitter that when connected to a phone line, will transmit anything on that line (execpt the dial tone) to any FM radio. The frequency can be tuned from 88 to about 94Mhz and the range is about 200 feet. It is extremely easy to build and is therefore a good, useful beginner project.source : http://www.aaroncake.net
2007-08-25 03:02:00 Click to read moreA while ago I got an email asking for the schematic of a circuit to detect cut phone lines. It didn't take me long to find this circuit in Electronics Now. When the circuit detects that a phone line has been cut, it activates a MOSFET which can be used to drive a relay, motor, etc. It can also be connected to a security system.source : http://www.aaroncake.net
all circuit Alarms and security related schematics (link) 2007-07-21 11:53:00 Intermittent alarm generator Burglar alarm Moisture alarm Automatic Entry Control System Fridge door alarm Electronic door codelock (PIC16F84) Ultrasonic remote control & alarm system Wire loop alarm Proximity alarm Electronic lock Digital entry lock Proximity switch Toxic Gas Detector Door knob alarm (PDF) Water seepage alarm (PDF) Micro-power over temperature alarm (PDF) Personal silent alarm system Active IR motion detector A Basic RF Transmitter for PIR Sensors PIR motion detector Simple alarm system Home security
project 5 Read more:Alarms
, related
555 DC-AC Inverter 2007-07-06 14:01:00 Parts List: R1 = 10K R2 = 100K R3 = 100 ohm R4 = 50K potmeter, LinearC1,C2 = 0.1uF C3 = 0.01uF C4 = 2700uF Q1 = TIP41A, NPN, or equivalent Q2 = TIP42A, PNP, or equivalent L1 = 1uH T1 = Filament transformer, your choice This DC-to-AC inverter schematic produces an AC output at line frequency and voltage. The 555 is configured as a low-frequency oscillator, tunable over the frequency range of 50 to 60 Hz by Frequency potentiometer R4.The 555 feeds its output (amplified by Q1 and Q2) to the input of transformer T1, a reverse-connected filament transformer with the necessary step-up turns ratio. Capacitor C4 and coil L1 filter the input to T1, assuring that it is effectively a sine wave. Adjust the value of T1 to your voltage.The output (in watts) is up to you by selecting different components.Input voltage is anywhere from +5V to +15Volt DC, adjust the 2700uF cap's working voltage accordingly.Replacement types for Q1 are: TIP41B, TIP41C, NTE196, ECG196, etc. Replacement types
DC - To - AC Conversion 2007-07-06 13:52:00 The converter that changes a dc voltage to an alternating voltage is called an inverter. Earlier inverters were built with SCRs. Since the circuitry required to turn the SCR off tends to be complex, other power semiconductor devices such as bipolar junction transistors, power MOSFETs, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs) are used nowadays. Currently only the inverters with a high power rating, such as 500 kW or higher, are likely to be built with either SCRs or gate turn-off thyristors(GTOs). There are many inverter circuits and the techniques for controlling an inverter vary in complexity. Some of the applications of an inverter are listed below: Emergency lighting systems, AC variable speed drives, Read more:Conversion
Setting Up Your Laptop 2007-07-05 01:50:00 Features vary from laptop to laptop: Not every laptop has the same keyboard layout; the CD-ROM or DVD drive may eject forward, to the left, to the right, or may not even exist; connectors and holes may be on the sides, back, or both; and the power button? Well, it could be anywhere!Beyond the differences, if you squint your eyes tight enough, all laptop computers look basically the same. Each laptop has a similar setup, so this article addresses issues that all laptop owners have to deal with.If you find any specific instructions regarding setup inside the laptop box or - should you be so lucky - if you find a manual, heed its instructions first.Do you need to charge the battery?When setting up your laptop, the holiest piece of hardware is the battery. Om! It either came preinstalled (and perhaps even non-removable) inside the laptop, or it came separately and you have to install it.Install or set up the battery. Fortunately, this is one of those things where you can find the instructi Read more:Laptop
, Setting
LCR meter 2007-03-11 01:44:00 This is the measuring device called a LCR meter. This device can mesure the value of coil(L), capacitor(C) and resistor(R) each.Measurement range is shown below ( incase of right photograph ) Coil:1 µHto200 H Capacitor:0.1 pFto200 µF Resistor:0.01 ohmto20 M-ohm The photograph of the right is measuring the coil of 56 micro H(µH) with the 2 mH range. It is displayed as 53 µH.This is convenient for circuit making.
Appearance of the Transistor 2007-02-03 12:32:00 The outward appearance of the transistor varies. Here, two kinds are shown. On the left in the photograph is a 2SC1815 transistor, which is good for use in a digital circuit. They are inexpensive when I buy them in quantity. In Japan it costs 2,000 yen for a pack of 200 pieces. (About 10 US cents/piece in 1998)On the right is a device which is used when a large current is to be handled. Its part number is 2SD880.The electrical characteristics of each is as follows. Item2SC18152SD880 VCEO(V)5060 IC(mA)1503A PC(mW)40030W hFE70 - 70060 - 300 fT(MHz)803 VCEO: The maximum voltage that can be handled across the collector(C)and emitter(E) when the base(B) is open. (Not connected)(It may be shown as VCE) IC:The maximum collector(C) current. PC: Maximum collector(C) loss that continuously can cause it consumed at surroundings temperature (Ta)=25°C(no radiator) hFE: The current gain to DC at the emitter(E).(IC/IB) fT:The maximum DC switching frequency. (the transision
Shottky barrier diode 2007-02-03 12:31:00 Diodes are used to rectify alternating current into direct current. However, rectification will not occur when the frequency of the alternating current is too high. This is due to what is known as the "reverse recovery characteristic."The reverse recovery characteristic can be explained as follows:IF the opposite voltage is suddenly applied to a forward-biased diode, current will continue to flow in the forward direction for a brief moment. This time until the current stops flowing is called the Reverse Recovery Time. The current is considered to be stopped when it falls to about 10% of the value of the peak reverse current.The Shottky barrier diode has a short reverse recovery time, which makes it ideally suited to use in high frequency rectification.The shottky barrier diode has the following characteristics. The voltage drop in the forward direction is low. The reverse recovery time is short.However, it has the following disadvantages. The diode can have relatively high leakage curr
Light Emitting Diode ( LED ) 2007-02-03 12:26:00 Light emitting diodes must be choosen according to how they will be used, because there are various kinds.The diodes are available in several colors. The most common colors are red and green, but there are even blue ones.The device on the far right in the photograph combines a red LED and green LED in one package. The component lead in the middle is common to both LEDs. As for the remaing two leads, one side is for the green, the other for the red LED. When both are turned on simultaneously, it becomes orange.When an LED is new out of the package, the polarity of the device can be determined by looking at the leads. The longer lead is the Anode side, and the short one is the Cathode side.The polarity of an LED can also be determined using a resistance meter, or even a 1.5 V battery.When using a test meter to determine polarity, set the meter to a low resistance measurement range. Connect the probes of the meter to the LED. If the polarity is correct, the LED will glow. If the LED does
Diode bridge 2007-02-03 12:25:00 Rectification diodes are used to make DC from AC. It is possible to do only 'half wave rectification' using 1 diode. When 4 diodes are combined, 'full wave rectification' occurrs.Devices that combine 4 diodes in one package are called diode bridge
s. They are used for full-wave rectification.The photograph on the left shows two examples of diode bridges.The cylindrical device on the right in the photograph has a current limit of 1A. Physically, it is 7 mm high, and 10 mm in diameter.The flat device on the left has a current limit of 4A. It is has a thickness of 6 mm, is 16 mm in height, and 19 mm in width. The photograph on the right shows a large, high-power diode bridge.It has a current capacity of 15A. The peak reverse-bias voltage is 400V.Diode bridges with large current capacities like this one, require a heat sink. Typically, they are screwed to a piece of metal, or the chasis of device in which they are used. The heat sink allows the device to radiate excess heat.As for size,
Rectification / Switching / Regulation Diode 2007-02-03 12:24:00 The stripe stamped on one end of the diode shows indicates the polarity of the diode.The stripe shows the cathode side.The top two devices shown in the picture are diodes used for rectification. They are made to handle relatively high currents. The device on top can handle as high as 6A, and the one below it can safely handle up to 1A.However, it is best used at about 70% of its rating because this current value is a maximum rating.The third device from the top (red color) has a part number of 1S1588. This diode is used for switching, because it can switch on and off at very high speed. However, the maximum current it can handle is 120 mA. This makes it well suited to use within digital circuits. The maximum reverse voltage (reverse bias) this diode can handle is 30V.The device at the bottom of the picture is a voltage regulation diode with a rating of 6V. When this type of diode is reverse biased, it will resist changes in voltage. If the input voltage is increased, the output voltage Read more:Regulation
, Switching
Diodes 2007-02-03 12:20:00 A diode is a semiconductor device which allows current to flow through it in only one direction. Although a transistor is also a semiconductor device, it does not operate the way a diode does. A diode is specifically made to allow current to flow through it in only one direction.Some ways in which the diode can be used are listed here. A diode can be used as a rectifier that converts AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct Current) for a power supply device. Diodes can be used to separate the signal from radio frequencies. Diodes can be used as an on/off switch that controls current.This symbol is used to indicate a diode in a circuit diagram.The meaning of the symbol is (Anode)(Cathode).Current flows from the anode side to the cathode side. Although all diodes operate with the same general principle, there are different types suited to different applications. For example, the following devices are best used for the applications noted. Voltage regulation diode (Zener Diode)The circui
Variable Capacitors 2007-02-03 12:19:00 Variable capacitors are used for adjustment etc. of frequency mainly.On the left in the photograph is a "trimmer," which uses ceramic as the dielectric. Next to it on the right is one that uses polyester film for the dielectric.The pictured components are meant to be mounted on a printed circuit board.When adjusting the value of a variable capacitor, it is advisable to be careful. One of the component's leads is connected to the adjustment screw of the capacitor. This means that the value of the capacitor can be affected by the capacitance of the screwdriver in your hand. It is better to use a special screwdriver to adjust these components.Pictured in the upper left photograph are variable capacitors with the following specifications:Capacitance: 20pF (3pF - 27pF measured)[Thickness 6 mm, height 4.8 mm]Their are different colors, as well. Blue: 7pF (2 - 9), white: 10pF (3 - 15), green: 30pF (5 - 35), brown: 60pF (8 - 72).In the same photograph, the device on the right has the followin Read more:Variable
Metallized Polyester Film Capacitors 2007-02-03 12:18:00 These capacitors are a kind of a polyester film capacitor. Because their electrodes are thin, they can be miniaturized.From the left in the photographCapacitance: 0.001µF (printed with 1n. n means nano:10-9)Breakdown voltage: 250V [the width 8mm, the height 6mm, the thickness 2mm]Capacitance: 0.22µF (printed with u22)Breakdown voltage: 100V [the width 8mm, the height 6mm, the thickness 3mm]Capacitance: 2.2µF (printed with 2u2)Breakdown voltage: 100V [the width 15mm, the height 10mm, the thickness 8mm]Care is necessary, because the component lead easily breaks off from these capacitors. Once lead has come off, there is no way to fix it. It must be discarded.
Mica Capacitors 2007-02-03 12:17:00 These capacitors use Mica for the dielectric. Mica capacitors have good stability because their temperature coefficient is small. Because their frequency characteristic is excellent, they are used for resonance circuits, and high frequency filters. Also, they have good insulation, and so can be utilized in high voltage circuits. It was often used for vacuum tube style radio transmitters, etc.Mica capacitors do not have high values of capacitance, and they can be relatively expensive.Pictured at the right are "Dipped mica capacitors." These can handle up to 500 volts.The capacitance from the leftCapacitance: 47pF (printed with 470J) [the width 7mm, the height 5mm, the thickness 4mm]Capacitance: 220pF (printed with 221J) [the width 10mm, the height 6mm, the thickness 4mm]Capacitance: 1000pF (printed with 102J) [the width 14mm, the height 9mm, the thickness 4mm]These capacitors have no polarity.
Polypropylene Capacitors 2007-01-31 10:56:00 This capacitor is used when a higher tolerance is necessary than polyester capacitors offer. Polypropylene film is used for the dielectric. It is said that there is almost no change of capacitance in these devices if they are used with frequencies of 100KHz or less.The pictured capacitors have a tolerance of ±1%.From the left in the photographCapacitance: 0.01 µF (printed with 103F) [the width 7mm, the height 7mm, the thickness 3mm]Capacitance: 0.022 µF (printed with 223F) [the width 7mm, the height 10mm, the thickness 4mm]Capacitance: 0.1 µF (printed with 104F) [the width 9mm, the height 11mm, the thickness 5mm]When I measured the capacitance of a 0.01 µF capacitor with the meter which I have, the error was +0.2%.From :: http://www.interq.or.jp/japan/se-inoue/e_capa.htm
Crystal filter for pure signals 2007-09-03 04:03:00 Crystal filter for pure signalsApplications such as distortion and communications measurements require distortionless sine waves asinput test signals. Distortion in test signals causes two problems Read more:Crystal
Cheap Crystal filter 2007-09-03 04:02:00 Cheap Crystal
filter: Ladder filter using six 4.43MHz Crystals. Building cheap side band filter for your bome brew SSB Rig Read more:Cheap
Hi-Gain Wireless-G USB Dish Adapter for Mac Users USB Wifi 2007-10-24 23:57:00 Hi-Gain™ Wireless
-G Dish Network Adapter
for your Mac Desktop or Laptop! The HWU8DDA is designed to connect your desktop computer or laptop easily to any Wireless-B, Wireless-G, or Wireless-N network via a USB connection. Hawkings award winning Hi-Gain™ Antenna technology extends wireless connection distances by up to 300%. The HWU8DDA is equipped with a new 8dBi Directional Dish antenna that provides more distance and better speeds than other wireless adapters on the market. The Hi-Gain Wireless-G Dish Adapter is the first wireless adapter to integrate the distance benefits of wireless Dish Technology with Wi-Fi networking. The built-in LED signal strength indicators provide network signal information to pinpoint the strongest signal available within your area.Read more source : http://www.hawkingtech.com/products/productlist.php?CatID=35&FamID=111&ProdID=371
Hi-Gain 15dBi Outdoor Omni-Directional Antenna USB Wifi 2007-10-24 23:55:00 Extend the Distance of your Wireless Devices up to 2 miles The HAO15SIP Hi-Gain Outdoor 15dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Kit is a heavy-duty, weather proof, high powered antenna for extending the range of your 802.11b and 802.11g WiFi devices. Whether your application requires extending a wireless signal from one building to another or simply from one end of a house to the other, the Hi-Gain Directional Antenna Kit from Hawking is the perfect solution. The power rating of WiFi antennas is measured in terms of decibels (dBi). The HAO15SIPboosts the antenna power of standard antennas from a minimal 2dBi to a staggering 15dBi. This results in extended wireless distances of up to 2 miles.* Whether extending the wireless network from one corporate building to another, or simply from the front house to the back house, the Outdoor Antenna Kits provide wireless users with a high powered solution to extend their wireless network.Read more source : http://www.hawkingtech.com/products/p
HomeRemote Wireless Home Automation Gateway USB Wifi 2007-10-24 23:52:00 Monitor, Control & Secure your Home From Anywhere The HomeRemote Wireless
Home Automation
System from Hawking Technologies is an innovative and affordable interface to your home from anywhere in the world. From work, school or even a coffee shop with a WiFi Hotspot, you can keep an eye on your home, secure it from intruders and control daily appliancces with the click of a mouse or press of a button on your cell phone.Read more source : http://www.hawkingtech.com/products/productlist.php?CatID=43&FamID=115&ProdID=365 Read more:Gateway
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