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What is interrupt? 2007-08-26 23:31:14 Interrupt is a signal send by external device to the processor so as to request the processor to perform a particular work.
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Difference between static and dynamic RAM? 2007-08-26 23:29:43 Static RAM: No refreshing, 6 to 8 MOS transistors are required to form one memory cell, Information stored as voltage level in a flip flop.
Dynamic RAM: Refreshed periodically, 3 to 4 transistors are required to form one memory cell, Information is stored as a charge in the gate to substrate capacitance.
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What is the difference between primary & secondary storage device? 2007-08-26 23:28:37 In primary storage
device the storage capacity is limited. It has a volatile memory. In secondary storage device the storage capacity is larger. It is a nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are: RAM / ROM. Secondary devices are: Floppy disc / Hard disk.
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What is meant by LATCH? 2007-08-26 23:27:13 Latch is a D- type flip-flop used as a temporary storage device controlled by a timing signal, which can store 0 or 1. The primary function of a Latch is data storage. It is used in output devices such as LED, to hold the data for display.
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What is the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller? 2007-08-26 23:26:22 In Microprocessor more op-codes, few bit handling instructions. But in Micro controller: fewer op-codes, more bit handling Instructions, and also it is defined as a device that includes micro processor, memory, & input / output signal lines on a single chip.
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What is the disadvantage of microprocessor? 2007-08-26 23:25:19 It has limitations on the size of data. Most Microprocessor does not support floating-point operations.
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7 Questions you SHOULD ask the Interviewer 2007-08-25 01:14:33 Interviews are a two-way street. Therefore, you need to participate in the discussion in a very active way, which includes asking questions. Many job seekers feel hesitant about seeming too “forward”; however, it’s imperative that you gain as much understanding about the position and the business. After all, if you’re hired, you’ll be spending roughly […]
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Must Ask Interview Questions 2007-08-25 01:10:46 The interview is a two-way process. The company interviewing you will want to find out whether you are suitable to the position and you will want to find out if the company and position are right for you. You should therefore ensure that you have enough information to make up your mind whether you want […]
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What is NV-RAM? 2007-08-30 12:46:27 Nonvolatile Read Write Memory, also called Flash memory. It is also know as shadow RAM.
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Can ROM be used as stack? 2007-08-30 12:46:04 ROM cannot be used as stack because it is not possible to write to ROM.
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What is stack? 2007-08-30 12:45:18 Stack is a portion of RAM used for saving the content of Program Counter and general purpose registers.
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What is flag? 2007-08-30 12:44:55 Flag is a flip-flop used to store the information about the status of a processor and the status of the instruction executed most recently
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What is a compiler? 2007-08-30 12:43:58 Compiler is used to translate the high-level language program into machine code at a time. It doesn’t require special instruction to store in a memory, it stores automatically. The Execution time is less compared to Interpreter.
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Differentiate between RAM and ROM? 2007-08-30 12:43:14 RAM: Read / Write memory, High Speed, Volatile Memory.
ROM: Read only memory, Low Speed, Non Voliate Memory.
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Where does the Real mode on the CPU come from? 2007-09-03 21:58:05 The original 8086, which only had 1 MB of memory. This megabyte is split into low memory for IRQ tables, application memory and high memory.
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How do you clear CMOS password? 2007-09-03 21:57:36 Since CMOS is a special chip with its own battery, the best way to clear out a CMOS chip is to disconnect it from its power supply.
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What are the basic expansion card types? 2007-09-03 21:57:07 ISA and PCI, ISA can be used only on XT, AT and ATX boards. The industry now considers ISA obsolete.
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Oracle Interview Questions & Answers 2007-09-21 06:55:59 What command would you use to create a backup control file?
Alter database backup control file to trace.
Give the stages of instance startup to a usable state where normal users may access it.
STARTUP NOMOUNT - Instance startup
STARTUP MOUNT - The database is mounted
STARTUP OPEN - The database is opened
What column differentiates the V$ views to the GV$ views and how?
The INST_ID column which indicates the instance in a RAC environment the information came from.
How would you go about generating an EXPLAIN plan?
Create a plan table with utlxplan.sql.
Use the explain plan set statement_id = ‘tst1′ into plan_table for a SQL statement
Look at the explain plan with utlxplp.sql or utlxpls.sql
How would you go about increasing the buffer cache hit ratio?
Use the buffer cache advisory over a given workload and then query the v$db_cache_advice table. If a change was necessary then I would use the alter system set db_cache_size command.
Explain an ORA-01555
You get this error when Read more:Oracle
Oracle Interview Questions-V 2007-09-17 14:43:09 7. Compare and contrast TRUNCATE and DELETE for a table.
Both the truncate and delete command have the desired outcome of getting rid of all the rows in a table. The difference between the two is that the truncate command is a DDL operation and just moves the high water mark and produces a now rollback. The delete command, on the other hand, is a DML operation, which will produce a rollback and thus take longer to complete.
8. Give the reasoning behind using an index.
Faster access to data blocks in a table.
9. Give the two types of tables involved in producing a star schema and the type of data they hold.
Fact tables and dimension tables. A fact table contains measurements while dimension tables will contain data that will help describe the fact tables.
10. What type of index should you use on a fact table?
A Bitmap index.
11. Give two examples of referential integrity constraints.
A primary key and a foreign key.
12. A table is classified as a parent table and you want to drop and re Read more:Oracle
Oracle Interview Questions-IV 2007-09-17 14:41:37 1. Explain the difference between a hot backup and a cold backup and the benefits associated with each.
A hot backup is basically taking a backup of the database while it is still up and running and it must be in archive log mode. A cold backup is taking a backup of the database while it is shut down and does not require being in archive log mode. The benefit of taking a hot backup is that the database is still available for use while the backup is occurring and you can recover the database to any ball in time. The benefit of taking a cold backup is that it is typically easier to administer the backup and recovery process. In addition, since you are taking cold backups the database does not require being in archive log mode and thus there will be a slight performance gain as the database is not cutting archive logs to disk.
2. You have just had to restore from backup and do not have any control files. How would you go about bringing up this database?
I would create a text based backup Read more:Oracle
Oracle Interview Questions-III 2007-09-17 14:40:05 12.To view installed Oracle
version information
SQL> select banner from v$version;
13. Display the number value in Words
SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,’j'), ‘jsp’))
from emp;
the output like,
SAL (TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SAL,’J'),’JSP’))
——— —————————————————–
800 eight hundred
1600 one thousand six hundred
1250 one thousand two hundred fifty
If you want to add some text like,
Rs. Three Thousand only.
SQL> select sal “Salary “,
(’ Rs. ‘|| (to_char(to_date(sal,’j'), ‘Jsp’))|| ‘ only.’))
“Sal in Words” from emp
/
Salary Sal in Words
——- ——————————————————
800 Rs. Eight Hundred only.
1600 Rs. One Thousand Six Hundred only.
1250 Rs. One Thousand
Oracle Interview Questions-II 2007-09-13 02:21:56 Display the records between two range
select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in (select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto minus select rowid from emp where rownum< &Start);
Enter value for upto: 10
Enter value for Start: 7
ROWNUM EMPNO ENAME
——— ——— ———-
1 7782 CLARK
2 7788 SCOTT
3 7839 KING
4 7844 TURNER
I know the nvl function only allows the same data type(ie. number or char or date Nvl(comm, 0)), if commission is null then the text “Not Applicable” want to display, instead of blank space. How do I write the query?
SQL> select nvl(to_char(comm.),’NA’) from emp;
Output :
NVL(TO_CHAR(COMM),’NA’)
———————–
NA
300
500
NA
1400
NA
NA
Oracle
cursor : Implicit & Explicit cursors
Oracle uses work areas called private SQL areas to create SQL statements. PL/SQL construct to identify each and every work are u
Oracle Interview Questions-1 2007-09-07 10:21:41 1.To see current user name
Sql> show user;
2.Change SQL prompt name
SQL> set sqlprompt “Manimara > “
Manimara >
Manimara >
3.Switch to DOS prompt
SQL> host
4.How do I eliminate the duplicate rows ?
SQL> delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group by duplicate_values_field_name);
or
SQL> delete from table_name ta where rowid >(select min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv and …..);
Example.
Table Emp
Empno Ename
101 Scott
102 Jiyo
103 Millor
104 Jiyo
105 Smith
delete from emp a where rowid < ( select max(rowid) from emp b where a.ename = b.ename );
The output like,
Empno Ename
101 Scott
103 Millor
104 Jiyo
105 Smith
5.How do I display row number with records?
To achive this use rownum pseudocolumn with query, like SQL> SQL> select rownum, ename from emp;
Output:
1 Scott
2 Millor
3 Jiyo
4 Smith
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Oracle Interview Questions 2007-09-07 10:19:24 1. What are the components of physical database structure of Oracle
database?
Oracle database is comprised of three types of files. One or more datafiles, two are more redo log files, and one or more control files.
2. What are the components of logical database structure of Oracle database?
There are tablespaces and database’s schema objects.
3. What is a tablespace?
A database is divided into Logical Storage Unit called tablespaces. A tablespace is used to grouped related logical structures together.
4. What is SYSTEM tablespace and when is it created?
Every Oracle database contains a tablespace named SYSTEM, which is automatically created when the database is created. The SYSTEM tablespace always contains the data dictionary tables for the entire database.
5. Explain the relationship among database, tablespace and data file.
Each databases logically divided into one or more tablespaces one or more data files are explicitly created for each tablespace.
6. What is schema?
A schem
Interview Questions on DBA 2007-10-07 05:48:49 There is a string ‘120000 12 0 .125′ ,how you will find the position of the decimal place
INSTR(’120000 12 0 .125′,1,’.') output 13
There is a ‘%’ sign in one field of a column. What will be the query to find it.
‘’ Should be used before ‘%’.
When you use WHERE clause and when you use HAVING clause
HAVING clause is used when you want to specify a condition for a group function and it is written after GROUP BY clause The WHERE clause is used when you want to specify a condition for columns, single row functions except group functions and it is written before GROUP BY clause if it is used.
Which is more faster - IN or EXISTS
EXISTS is more faster than IN because EXISTS returns a Boolean value whereas IN returns a value.
What is a OUTER JOIN
Outer Join–Its a join condition used where you can query all the rows of one of the tables in the join condition even though they dont satisfy the join condition.
How you will a
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