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How To Survive A Hostage-Taking 2007-10-30 07:00:00 As seminars go, it doesn't seem as if it would appeal to many but Rocky Abramson has no shortage of journalists and aid workers willing to listen to him. Based in Israel, Abramson is a Canadian-born organizational psychologist and a former member of the Israel Defence Forces. In his four-hour seminar on the hostage experience, he stresses that the best-case scenario involves avoiding being taken hostage in the first place but, in the event of capture, following some important guidelines can increase the likelihood of survival. These guidelines include:
If you must venture into dangerous situations where kidnapping is a possibility, do so in a group, rather than on your own, because there really is strength in numbers.
If faced with capture, try to resist passively, a tactic that will at least buy extra time and may confuse your captors.
During interrogation, insert a lengthy pause before answering any question, even the most straightforward – a tactic aimed at preventin Read more:Hostage
, Taking
Shell Shocked, part 1 2007-10-28 07:00:00 The "Great War" that raged from 1914 to 1918 added a new dimension to warfare with modern artillery fire raining down on troops as they dug into their trenches. An estimated ten percent of all troops deployed were killed (compared to 4.5% in World War 2) with countless more being severely wounded. With the modern way of fighting wars came a new awareness of how troops were being affected. While troops of previous wars had presented symptoms of the extreme stress they were facing (eg., soldier's heart), it was in 1914 that a British medical officer named Charles Myers first coined the term "shell shock". The term was used to describe the impact of battle on even experienced soldiers who displayed a range of bizarre symptoms that medical doctors on both sides of the conflict were at a loss to treat. While many of these cases were observed in soldiers who had faced the heat of battle, cases were also being found in soldiers who had never been deployed in the field. There was a range of m Read more:Shell
Shell Shocked, Part 2 2007-11-04 07:00:00 Long after the end of World War I, Field Marshall Douglas Haig remains a controversial figure. As Commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force during some of the most intense battles of the war, his military decisions played a pivotal role in ensuring an Allied victory. Though honoured in his lifetime, later historians accused him of recklessly throwing away the lives of countless British and Commonwealth soldiers and labeled him as "the Butcher of the Somme". While other historians have defended his actions and argued that his decisions were based on sound military tactics, what is not in dispute is that 306 British and Commonwealth soldiers under his command were executed on a variety of military charges ranging from cowardice to desertion. Although some of the soldiers had been previously treated for shell shock, it may never be known how many of the executed soldiers (some as young as sixteen) were suffering from psychological trauma resulting from their combat Read more:Shell
Does an Impaired Sense of Smell Predict Aggression? 2007-11-01 07:00:00 The October, 2007 issue of Psychological Medicine presents a study examining the incidence of impulsive violence in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on previous research examing the role of orbitoprefrontal cortex (OFC) pathology (including impaired olfactory identification ability) in impulsive aggression, the study examined olfactory identification (OI) ability in war veterans with PTSD. Using a sample of 31 out-patient male war veterans with PTSD (mean age of 58.23 years) recruited from a Melbourne Veterans Psychiatry Unit, and 31 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (mean=56.84 years), all participants were assessed on clinical measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abue. They were also given measures of olfactory identification; neurocognitive measures of brain functioning. and self-report measures of aggression and impulsivity. The results indicated that veterans with PTSD exhibited significant OI deficits (OIDs) compared to cont Read more:Sense
, Smell
, Aggression
Are Mental Health Courts Effective? 2007-11-08 07:00:00 The September, 2007 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry discusses the effectiveness of mental health courts in handling the increasing involvement of people with mental disorders in the criminal justice system. While many communities have created specialized mental health courts in recent years. there has been little research to date to the success such courts have had. A retrospective study was used to compare the occurrence of new criminal charges for 170 people who entered a mental health court after arrest and 8,067 other adults with mental disorders who were booked into an urban county jail after arrest during the same interval. Statistical analysis was used to rule out the influences of confounding variables such as demographic characteristics, clinical variables, and criminal history. The results indicated that participation in the mental health court program was associated with longer time without any new criminal charges or new charges for violent crimes. Successful co Read more:Health
Does Tamiflu Cause Suicide? 2007-11-06 07:00:00 Chugai Pharmaceutical Company the Japanese manufacturer and distributer of the antiviral drug, Tamiflu, has announced that it will curb supply of the drug following a warning by the Japanese government that Tamiflu use should be avoided in teenagers. Tamiflu was first developed by Gilead Sciences under the name Oseltamivir and is currently marketed by Hoffman-LaRoche. It is a prescription-only agent used in the prevention and treatment of influenzaviruses A and B and governments around the world have been stockpiling it due to pandemic fears. An estimated 50 million people have been treated around the world with the majority of cases being in Japan. The Japanese government issued the warning following reports that adolescents treated with Tamiflu have been experiencing delirium, seizures and self-harm attempts.
While concern has focused primarily on teenagers, patients in other age groups have reported problems as well. According to Japan's Health Ministry, between 2004 and 2007, Read more:Cause
, Suicide
Does Child Abuse Affect Brain Development? 2007-11-13 07:00:00 I was just attending the annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers that was held in San Diego this year. It was a stimulating experience with talks and workshops by some of the leading clinicians and researchers in the field. One of the high points of the conference was a presentation by Dr. Martin Teicher, Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Clinical Biopsychiatry Research Program at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. The focus of Dr. Teicher's presentation was on the neurobiological affects of different types of stress on the developing brain, especially in terms of the short and long-term impact of child physical and sexual abuse on brain development. In particular, that early childhood maltreatment acts as a severe stressor that can produce various physiogical and hormonal reactions that leads to lasting alterations in patterns of brain development which, in turn, can manifest as different psychiatric disorders. Read more:Affect
, Brain
, Development
Dadd the Painter 2007-11-11 07:00:00 Of all the prominent English artists who came to international attention during the reign of Queen Victoria, Richard Dadd definitely is in a class by himself. Born in 1817, as the fourth of seven children, Dadd showed early promise as an artist and began sketching at an early age. After his family moved to London, he entered the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of twenty. Along with other artists with whom he studied, Dadd formed an important group that became known as the Clique although he remained the foremost artist among them. Their meetings throughout the 1830s and into the 1840s inspired a new style of painting that rejected academic high art and favoured more personal art that they felt should be judged by the public rather than academics. Given Dadd's developing prominence in the art world, it was only natural that he was chosen to go with his patron, Sir Thomas Phillips, as a draftsman on a planned expedition through Greece, Turkey and Egypt. The expedition that began in 18 Read more:Painter
Love Hurts 2007-11-18 07:00:00 The publication of Richard Krafft-Ebbing's masterwork Psychopathia Sexualis in 1886 represented a landmark in thinking about human sexuality and the bizarre forms that it can take. In addition to describing different types of sexual expression that the author regarded as "perverse" (usually any form of sex that didn't lead to procreation), it quickly became one of the most influential books on human sexuality ever written and introduced numerous new terms into common usage. One of these terms, "masochism" which Krafft-Ebbing defined as "the opposite of sadism (which he also coined). While the later is the desire to cause pain and use force, the former is the wish to suffer pain and be subjected to force". For all that he had given a name to a shadowy sexual practice that had never before been described in the scientific literature, one person in particular who was less than pleased with the new term was the Austrian author, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Kra
When Victims Seek Help 2007-11-15 07:00:00 For women who have been victimized by domestic violence, visiting a hospital emergency department can be an agonizing experience due to the problems in opening up to emergency staff. A study published in the November 2007 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine examining how female patients interact with emergency providers focuses on this issue. The study is based on an analysis of audio taped conversations made during a randomized, controlled trial of computerized screening for domestic violence in two emergency department (one urban and one sub-urban). Using a sample of 1281 English-speaking women age 16 to 69 years and 80 providers (30 attending physicians, 46 residents, and 4 nurse practitioners), 871 audiotapes, including 293 that included provider screening for domestic violence, were analyzed. Results indicated that providers typically asked about domestic violence in a routine manner during questioning concerning patient social history. Communication strategies that encouraged wo Read more:Victims
Does Child Abuse Affect Brain Development? 2007-11-13 07:00:00 I was just attending the annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers that was held in San Diego this year. It was a stimulating experience with talks and workshops by some of the leading clinicians and researchers in the field. One of the high points of the conference was a presentation by Dr. Martin Teicher, Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Clinical Biopsychiatry Research Program at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. The focus of Dr. Teicher's presentation was on the neurobiological affects of different types of stress on the developing brain, especially in terms of the short and long-term impact of child physical and sexual abuse on brain development. In particular, that early childhood maltreatment acts as a severe stressor that can produce various physiogical and hormonal reactions that leads to lasting alterations in patterns of brain development which, in turn, can manifest as different psychiatric disorders. Read more:Affect
, Brain
, Development
Dadd the Painter 2007-11-11 07:00:00 Of all the prominent English artists who came to international attention during the reign of Queen Victoria, Richard Dadd definitely is in a class by himself. Born in 1817, as the fourth of seven children, Dadd showed early promise as an artist and began sketching at an early age. After his family moved to London, he entered the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of twenty. Along with other artists with whom he studied, Dadd formed an important group that became known as the Clique although he remained the foremost artist among them. Their meetings throughout the 1830s and into the 1840s inspired a new style of painting that rejected academic high art and favoured more personal art that they felt should be judged by the public rather than academics. Given Dadd's developing prominence in the art world, it was only natural that he was chosen to go with his patron, Sir Thomas Phillips, as a draftsman on a planned expedition through Greece, Turkey and Egypt. The expedition that began in 18 Read more:Painter
Are Mental Health Courts Effective? 2007-11-08 07:00:00 The September, 2007 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry discusses the effectiveness of mental health courts in handling the increasing involvement of people with mental disorders in the criminal justice system. While many communities have created specialized mental health courts in recent years. there has been little research to date to the success such courts have had. A retrospective study was used to compare the occurrence of new criminal charges for 170 people who entered a mental health court after arrest and 8,067 other adults with mental disorders who were booked into an urban county jail after arrest during the same interval. Statistical analysis was used to rule out the influences of confounding variables such as demographic characteristics, clinical variables, and criminal history. The results indicated that participation in the mental health court program was associated with longer time without any new criminal charges or new charges for violent crimes. Successful co Read more:Health
Does Tamiflu Cause Suicide? 2007-11-06 07:00:00 Chugai Pharmaceutical Company the Japanese manufacturer and distributer of the antiviral drug, Tamiflu, has announced that it will curb supply of the drug following a warning by the Japanese government that Tamiflu use should be avoided in teenagers. Tamiflu was first developed by Gilead Sciences under the name Oseltamivir and is currently marketed by Hoffman-LaRoche. It is a prescription-only agent used in the prevention and treatment of influenzaviruses A and B and governments around the world have been stockpiling it due to pandemic fears. An estimated 50 million people have been treated around the world with the majority of cases being in Japan. The Japanese government issued the warning following reports that adolescents treated with Tamiflu have been experiencing delirium, seizures and self-harm attempts.
While concern has focused primarily on teenagers, patients in other age groups have reported problems as well. According to Japan's Health Ministry, between 2004 and 2007, fi Read more:Cause
, Suicide
Shell Shocked, Part 2 2007-11-04 07:00:00 Long after the end of World War I, Field Marshall Douglas Haig remains a controversial figure. As Commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force during some of the most intense battles of the war, his military decisions played a pivotal role in ensuring an Allied victory. Though honoured in his lifetime, later historians accused him of recklessly throwing away the lives of countless British and Commonwealth soldiers and labeled him as "the Butcher of the Somme". While other historians have defended his actions and argued that his decisions were based on sound military tactics, what is not in dispute is that 306 British and Commonwealth soldiers under his command were executed on a variety of military charges ranging from cowardice to desertion. Although some of the soldiers had been previously treated for shell shock, it may never be known how many of the executed soldiers (some as young as sixteen) were suffering from psychological trauma resulting from their combat Read more:Shell
Does an Impaired Sense of Smell Predict Aggression? 2007-11-01 07:00:00 The October, 2007 issue of Psychological Medicine presents a study examining the incidence of impulsive violence in war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on previous research examing the role of orbitoprefrontal cortex (OFC) pathology (including impaired olfactory identification ability) in impulsive aggression, the study examined olfactory identification (OI) ability in war veterans with PTSD. Using a sample of 31 out-patient male war veterans with PTSD (mean age of 58.23 years) recruited from a Melbourne Veterans Psychiatry Unit, and 31 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (mean=56.84 years), all participants were assessed on clinical measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abue. They were also given measures of olfactory identification; neurocognitive measures of brain functioning. and self-report measures of aggression and impulsivity. The results indicated that veterans with PTSD exhibited significant OI deficits (OIDs) compared to cont Read more:Sense
, Smell
, Aggression
How To Survive A Hostage-Taking 2007-10-30 07:00:00 As seminars go, it doesn't seem as if it would appeal to many but Rocky Abramson has no shortage of journalists and aid workers willing to listen to him. Based in Israel, Abramson is a Canadian-born organizational psychologist and a former member of the Israel Defence Forces. In his four-hour seminar on the hostage experience, he stresses that the best-case scenario involves avoiding being taken hostage in the first place but, in the event of capture, following some important guidelines can increase the likelihood of survival. These guidelines include:
If you must venture into dangerous situations where kidnapping is a possibility, do so in a group, rather than on your own, because there really is strength in numbers.
If faced with capture, try to resist passively, a tactic that will at least buy extra time and may confuse your captors.
During interrogation, insert a lengthy pause before answering any question, even the most straightforward ??? a tactic aimed at preventing your Read more:Hostage
, Taking
Shell Shocked, part 1 2007-10-28 07:00:00 The "Great War" that raged from 1914 to 1918 added a new dimension to warfare with modern artillery fire raining down on troops as they dug into their trenches. An estimated ten percent of all troops deployed were killed (compared to 4.5% in World War 2) with countless more being severely wounded. With the modern way of fighting wars came a new awareness of how troops were being affected. While troops of previous wars had presented symptoms of the extreme stress they were facing (eg., soldier's heart), it was in 1914 that a British medical officer named Charles Myers first coined the term "shell shock". The term was used to describe the impact of battle on even experienced soldiers who displayed a range of bizarre symptoms that medical doctors on both sides of the conflict were at a loss to treat. While many of these cases were observed in soldiers who had faced the heat of battle, cases were also being found in soldiers who had never been deployed in the field. Th Read more:Shell
Remembering Washoe 2007-11-22 07:00:00 There has been surprisingly little publicity concerning the recent death of Washoe, the first signing chimpanzee on October 30, 2007. Washoe, matriarch of a research colony at Central Washington University's Chimpanzee and Human Interaction Institute, died of age-related causes at the ripe age of 42, far longer than she likely would have lived in the wild. Captured from her home in Africa in 1965, Washoe was originally sold to the United States Air Force are part of a group of "astrochimps". The ending of the space program led to Washoe being sent to live with Beatrix and Allen Gardner when she was 10 months old. They incorporated Washoe into their project on cross-species communication and began teaching her American Sign Language. Through careful work, Washoe was taught over 200 signs and observers at Central Washington University have reported the use of signing among the various members in the chimpanzee colony to which Washoe belonged.
The Washoe project came un Read more:Remembering
Breaking the Cycle 2007-11-20 07:00:00 The November 2007 issue of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons provides the results of a study evaluating whether, "Caught in the Crossfire," a hospital-based, peer intervention program for young victims of violence can be a cost-effective tool for reducing the impact of violence on later behaviour. The study used a retrospective design to examine patients admitted to a university-based urban trauma centre between January 1998 and June 2003 with an 18 month follow-up. The patients in the study were 12 to 20 years of age and were hospitalized for intentional violent trauma. The treatment group had a minimum of five interactions with an intervention specialist while a control group was selected from the hospital database. All patients were matched for age, socioeconomic status and ethnic background. The total sample size was 154 patients .
The results indicated that participating in the hospital-based program lowered the risk of later criminal justice involvement (relativ Read more:Breaking
, Cycle
Love Hurts 2007-11-18 07:00:00 The publication of Richard Krafft-Ebbing's masterwork Psychopathia Sexualis in 1886 represented a landmark in thinking about human sexuality and the bizarre forms that it can take. In addition to describing different types of sexual expression that the author regarded as "perverse" (usually any form of sex that didn't lead to procreation), it quickly became one of the most influential books on human sexuality ever written and introduced numerous new terms into common usage. One of these terms, "masochism" which Krafft-Ebbing defined as "the opposite of sadism (which he also coined). While the later is the desire to cause pain and use force, the former is the wish to suffer pain and be subjected to force". For all that he had given a name to a shadowy sexual practice that had never before been described in the scientific literature, one person in particular who was less than pleased with the new term was the Austrian author, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Krafft-Ebbing justified naming th
When Victims Seek Help 2007-11-15 07:00:00 For women who have been victimized by domestic violence, visiting a hospital emergency department can be an agonizing experience due to the problems in opening up to emergency staff. A study published in the November 2007 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine examining how female patients interact with emergency providers focuses on this issue. The study is based on an analysis of audio taped conversations made during a randomized, controlled trial of computerized screening for domestic violence in two emergency department (one urban and one sub-urban). Using a sample of 1281 English-speaking women age 16 to 69 years and 80 providers (30 attending physicians, 46 residents, and 4 nurse practitioners), 871 audiotapes, including 293 that included provider screening for domestic violence, were analyzed. Results indicated that providers typically asked about domestic violence in a routine manner during questioning concerning patient social history. Communication strategies that encouraged wo Read more:Victims
After Disaster Strikes 2007-11-29 07:00:00 While the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries, some injuries remain undiagnosed. The May 2008 issue of Prehospital and Disaster
Medicine presents a research study examining incidence of traumatic brain injuries among persons hospitalized in New York City following the 11 September 2001 attacks. Using medical records of persons admitted to 36 hospitals in New York City with injuries or illnesses related to the attacks, individuals diagnosed with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) were identified using diagnosis codes from the International Classification of Diseases (9th Revision). Undiagnosed TBIs were identified by an adjudication team of TBI experts that reviewed the abstracted medical record information. Persons suspected of having an undiagnosed TBI were subsequently contacted and informed of the diagnosis of potential undetected injury.
The results indicate that, of the 282 records that were examined, fourteen cases of diagnosed TBIs an Read more:Strikes
Car Fetishist Sentenced 2007-11-27 07:00:00 A 45-year old Alberta man was sentenced to time served and two years probation for indecent exposure charges arising from an apparent sexual fetish for classic cars. The defendant (not named in the original news story) pleaded guilty to three counts of indecent exposure for repeatedly climbing on top of classic cars and masturbating in public. On March 22 of this year, he was caught masturbating on top of a $50,000 BMW Sedan at a Home and Garden show at the Northlands Agri Com. He was observed on two other occasions pleasuring himself on other cars in the Edmonton area.
A psychiatric evaluation report submitted at the time of his sentencing indicated that the man was sexually aroused by classic cars and also had a longstanding history of minor mental retardation due to a thyroid condition. While deemed to be a high risk for committing similar sexual offenses in future, he was not considered to pose an active risk to the public at large. In the submitted report, psychiatrist Curtis Read more:Sentenced
Casting Out The Djinn 2007-11-25 07:00:00 Visitors to the countries of Western Africa (including Morocco, Algeria, and Senegal) can take in the exotic sights, sounds and smells associated with that part of the world but, for a real understanding of the religious life of the people, you need to learn about the marabouts. Meaning "saints" in the Berber language spoken in Morocco and Algeria, the marabouts act as spiritual leaders of the particular brand of Islam practiced throughout the West African nations. While the marabout tradition appears to predate Islam (and Islamic leaders often denounce the veneration attached to them), marabout worship can take many forms. The term marabout extends to the living spiritual leaders, known for their virtuous living and ability to act as agents between humans and divine forces, but also to the tombs where they are buried. Long after a marabout's death, the tomb can be a site for pilgrimages with each saint being judged by the miracles attached to his name and stories surrounding his lif Read more:Casting
Containing Ebola 2007-12-04 07:00:00 The Uganda Red Cross Society has sent an assessment team to Bundibugyo District as part of a Ministry of Health initiative to contain the deadly Ebola hemorrhagic disease. Using 100 volunteers who had previously worked to contain Ebola in Gulu district in 2000, the Red Cross project will involve door-to-door sessions to identify suspected cases and report them to the Ministry of Health. The volunteers will also educate the community about the disease and to ensure that suspected cases will be successfully reintegrated into the community and not face the discrimination and stigma that such individuals have faced in the past.
First identified in 1976 following simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire, Ebola hemorrhagic disease is transferred through direct human or animal contact. It is classified as a biosafety level 4 infectious agent and a Category A bioterrorism agent. Symptoms vary and can include high fever, severe headaches, muscle pain. No approved vaccine is yet available
Awful Disclosures 2007-12-02 07:00:00 It was in 1836 that a book was published in New York that seemed tailor-made to touch off a moral panic. Titled The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk or The Hidden Secrets of a Nun's Life in a Convent Exposed, the purported author of the book, an ex-nun named Maria Monk provided lurid descriptions of her life in a Montreal convent and the sexual exploitation that she faced there. According to the book, she and other nuns of the Sisters of Charity of the Hotel-Dieu (also known as "the Black Nuns"), were routinely sexually abused by the priests at a seminary next door. Using a secret tunnel that linked the convent to the seminary, priests would enter to have sex with the nuns on a regular basis. If children resulted from the sexual acts, the babies would be baptized and then "smothered or secretly buried in the cellar". Nuns who refused the sexual advances of priests would be murdered. Maria said that she had stayed in the convent for seven years before becoming pregn
December 1 Is World AIDS Day 2007-11-30 07:00:00 This December
1, spare a thought for the estimated 33.2 million people around the world living with HIV/AIDS
(95 per cent of them in the developing world). This year alone, some 2.5 million people will become newly infected with HIV (including countless children). The World
AIDS Campaign's slogan in marking World AIDS
Day is "Stop AIDS: Keep the Promise". Leadership is the theme for this year as a special plea towards governments and non-governmental organizations to provide the leadership needed to overcome ingrained resistance to strategies that have proven effective in preventing the spread of AIDS including condom distribution and providing retroviral drugs to prevent the transfer of HIV from mothers to their unborn children.
Despite numerous promises from industrialized nations to provide low-cost generic medications to combat AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, they have routinely failed to deliver. Sadly, it does not appear to be a political priority as new causes crowd out old Read more:World AIDS Day
Victims Behind Bars 2007-12-13 07:00:00 The August 2007 issue of Psychiatric Services presents the results of a study examining rates of sexual victimization among prison inmates with and without a mental disorder. Using inmates aged 18 or older in 13 prisons within a single mid-Atlantic state prison system (12 facilities for men and one for women), a total of 7,528 inmates completed the survey which was administered by audio-computer-assisted technology. Of the 6,964 male respondents, 58.5% were African American, 16.2% were non-Hispanic white, 19.8% were Hispanic, and 5.5% were of another race or ethnicity. Of the 564 female respondents, 48.4% were African American, 30.9% were non-Hispanic white, 14.4% were Hispanic, and 7.3% were of another race or ethnicity. Determination of history of mental disorder was based on self-reported previous treatment for particular mental disorders. Sexual victimization was measured by using questions adapted from the National Violence Against Women and Men surveys. The result indicated that Read more:Victims
Chaining the Wizard 2007-12-11 07:00:00 An 84-year old Ghanaian is facing legal charges for allegedly keeping her 50-year old son chained up in a single room for ten years on suspicion of his being a wizard. Kofi Menka, a former businessman and member of the Dome Royal Family in Offinso, Ghana is reportedly suffering from malnutrition and mutism as a result of his long incarceration and has been placed into the care of his younger brother. Journalists visiting Menka have indicated that "his beard, mustache and head had not seen razor for several months while his nails have grown long". Authorities have advised Menka's brother (who is also the current Dome chief) to send him to a psychiatric hospital for specialized care.
While an official complaint has been laid against Menka's mother, Akua Bio, with the Offinso police, the Committee of Human Rights and Administrative Justice has yet to launch an investigation. According to family sources, she had Menka imprisoned after he had been cursed by a female trader.
Click h Read more:Wizard
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