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On Sunday, Intel cut the prices of its Core 2 Quad chips by up to 40 percent, scattering price drops along its other product lines, as well. All told, the desktop Core 2 Quad processor, Intel's mobile Celeron chips, as well as single-processor Xeon chips all received price cuts. For most, however, the Core 2 Quad price decreases were the most significant. The prices not only dropped the Core 2 Q

During the holiday season, retailers bombard shoppers with at-the-register offers to "open a charge card and save 15%". It's an immediate money-saver, but for Americans in the market for a new home loan, taking advantage of the in-store savings could be a long-term loser. This is because new credit card applications are damaging to credit scores. According to myFICO.com, "new credit" accounts f

Here at the beginning of the twenty-first century, over fifty million household dogs live in the United States. Europe houses an estimated thirty-five million. ... If I add Canadian dogs to these populations, I get one hundred million household dogs in the industrial West.In the United States each year, households produce 3,700,000 puppies. Hobby breeders produce another two million, and half a mi

More than 50 percent of home loans modified under foreclosure prevention programs during the first and second quarters of 2008 have become delinquent again, after a period of just six months. As explained by U.S. Comptroller John Dugan, the modified loans reached $6 trillion, about 60 percent of all primary home mortgages in the U.S.

SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Oil was steady below $44 a barrel on Thursday, after rising more than 3 percent overnight on signs that top oil exporter Saudi Arabia has slashed January supplies ahead of next week's OPEC meeting.

In the past year or so we've gone into every aspect of setting up an online shop in South Africa including one in co-junction with some of our better colleagues. Unfortunately there are certain restrictions which has withold us, until so far, in setting up one. We, by the way, also looked into possibilities to 'station' this online shop in a country without all the expensive barriers such as extr

Now that winter weather is upon us, it is time to shore up those cold air leaks. That's where Black and Decker's Thermal Leak Detector comes in handy. Instead of your current method of waking around the house licking your finger and sticking it the air, the leak detector takes a more high tech approach by seeking out temperature changes as small as a single degree. When a trouble area is spotted,

According to reports by the China Car Times and the UK's Birmingham Mail, Land Rover sales in China have risen 95 percent to 3,414 vehicles, which shows that sales in China and emerging markets are continuing to grow year over year. Unfortunately November sales are reportedly down near 64 percent in the UK compared to November 2007 figures. Speaking to the Birmingham Mail, Mark Foster, Jaguar Lan

Business television is abuzz this morning with talk of "four-point-five percent mortgage rates"; the clip above ran on NBC Today. The news stems from a leaked story that the U.S. Treasury will intervene in the mortgage market, lowering rates a full percentage point below their current levels. As cited by every journalist in every publication, however, the story is 100% speculation. Naturally, t

Business television is abuzz this morning with talk of "four-point-five percent mortgage rates"; the clip above ran on NBC Today. The news stems from a leaked story that the U.S. Treasury will intervene in the mortgage market, lowering rates a full percentage point below their current levels. As cited by every journalist in every publication, however, the story is 100% speculation. Naturally, t

Analyst Meredith Whitney today predicted that credit card companies would cut open credit lines for American consumers by $2 trillion dollars over the next eighteen months.  That’s 45 percent of the available credit for consumers.  You can read more about her prediction at CNBC or Bloomberg. It is unfortunate that credit card companies will be cutting [...]

KARACHI: Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) CFS financing this week recorded a fall by 2 percent. KSE released data here showed that CFS financing this week diminishing by Rs207 million aggregated to Rs11.10 billion. Similarly, interest rate on CFS financing this week remained at 76 percent. Among five top companies in CFS financing this week included Jahangir Siddiqui Co., National Bank, OGDCL, Arif Ha

Crude oil futures dropped nearly five percent Friday on speculation that OPEC may wait until December to decide whether to introduce new cuts in oil production. Members of the cartel were scheduled to meet Saturday to review the current supply and demand conditions of oil; however, one official stated Friday that the group may defer their decision until the December 17th meeting.

Inflation data came in yesterday for week ending November 15 at 8.84 percent which is less compared to  8.90%  WOW. It was below the expectations , this it was below expectation they where expecting it at 8.60 or something. addthis_url = 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rupya.com%2Farchives%2F2008%2F11%2F28%2Finflation-at-884-percent-for-week-ending-november-15-2008%2F'; addthis_title = 'Inflation+at+

Punjab National Bank which is the one normally cuts the rate when RBI cuts the crr or lending percentage has even done it again ,Think PNB would be the one who would be lending it for the lowest now.They have decided to reduce the BPLR by 100 bps from 13.50% p.a. to 12.50% with effect [...]

SALES! SALES! Now you can purchase ALL 4 Tutorials for ONLY USD$18.00. Its Christmas time and what better time to create your own jewelry and gifts. You saved USD$7.50 (to be exact) or almost 30% off. To purchase, head on to my ETSY SHOP - WireBliss.etsy.com or click on the PayPal Buy Now button below. In this Package you will receive the following 4 plus one FREE tutorial: WB001/Mac08:

So the Chancellor of the Exchequer has decided that the solution to the financial problems is to throw money at it. He seems to be operating a kind of 'buy now - pay later' tax plan. The headline grabber is obviously the two and a half cut in VAT down to 15%. Excited yet? Probably not - and there really is no cause to be. You'll save a couple of pounds on your weekly shop perhaps... a few

Stocks soared Monday, after the news over the government's rescue plan for Citigroup. The plan involves a $20 billion direct investment in the company, and a guarantee towards $306 billion of its troubled assets. Under the agreement, Citigroup must get executive compensation plans approved by the government and must not pay shareholders dividends larger than $0.01 without government approval.

Shimla: State Government is committed to create quality industrial infrastructure in the State to facilitate the existing and prospective entrepreneurs making industrial investments in the State and State Government to explore possibilities of six laned Pinjore-Swarghat road in association with Government of Haryana. This was revealed by Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal, Chief Minister while addressing the

The unemployment rate in California rose unexpectedly to 8.2 percent in October. The rise brings the unemployment rate to the highest for the state in 14 years, and the state's unemployment fund is about to run out of reserves. State officials are planning to ask the Federal Government for a loan in order to be able to keep paying unemployment benefits.

According to a new study, a ban on fast food advertisements in the United States could reduce the number of overweight children by as much as 18 percent. In addition, the study reports that eliminating the tax deductibility of television advertising would also result in a reduction of childhood obesity. The study’s authors found that a ban on fast food television advertisements during children's

Salesforce.com reported a 55 percent increase its third-quarter profits. Salesforce reported net income of $10.1 million or 8 cents per share, significantly higher than $6.5 million or 5 cents per share for the same quarter a year prior. Salesforce provides monthly subscription based online management software.

Inflation data has come out morning itself which has stared to give atleast some 50 point releif to the market , the infation for the week ending november 8th stands at 8.9 compared to 8.98 week over week.I saw Mr Rao , wno is from Yes bank started predicting that the inflation will come down [...]

Regular physical activity can significantly lower a woman's risk of developing cancer, but skimping on sleep can eliminate those gains, a new study has found.In a long-term study of nearly 6,000 U.S. women, researchers found that those who exercised the most had a 25% lower chance of developing cancer than those who were the least active.But among younger, physically active women, those who slept

Via: Semiconductor Today The III-V Semiconductors group of the Instituto de Energía Solar at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (IES-UPM) in Spain has set a new record for solar energy conversion efficiency of 32.6% for a dual-junction photovoltaic cell. Designed and fabricated in a horizontal MOCVD reactor by IES-UPM’s III-V Semiconductors group, the lattice-matched dual-junction solar cell w

Shares of Baidu dropped over 27 percent Monday as a Chinese media outlet released news that the company received money from medical companies to buy keywords. CCTV reported that non-accredited websites purchased medical keywords in order to appear creditable and boost their rankings. Analyst Piper Jaffray noted that the financial impact on Baidu is likely to much less than it appears as the tota

It was a torture to wake up early. Last Friday, the worst thing almost happened as George suddenly told me he would not be joining me again. I was not sure if everything was planned by the boss to put both of us to work together but it was obvious that I was not very prepared. Luckily he came in after some time to settle things.Back to the office, I began on my work and aimed to finish off the tas

O2 Germany has announced that the company is now covering 99 percent of the population with its GSM network. By the end of the year, the entire UMTS network will be HSDPA capable. The number of EDGE sites has tripled in the last two months and the HSUPA upgrading will start this year already. O2 has reached the key milestone of operating an independent network as the company now achieves an

"Mortgage rates drop again to 6.14 percent" Mortgage rates dropped for a second straight week, Freddie Mac reported in its nationwide survey. Rates on 30-year fixed-rate mortgages fell to 6.14 percent from 6.20 percent last week. It marked a sharp decline since rates hit a high of 6.46 percent two weeks ago. For 15-year fixed-rate mortgages, which are popular with people who are refinancing,

The major car companies have been offering zero percent financing on most of their models for several months now. That deal even applies to seven-year loans.... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

This from AP via Yahoo Finance: MIAMI (AP) — The number of homeowners caught in the wave of foreclosures in October grew 25 percent nationally over the same month in 2007, data released Thursday showed. More than 279,500 U.S. homes received at least one foreclosure-related notice in October, an increase of 5 percent over September, according to [...]

Foreclosure is a hot topic among the press lately. It's hard to turn on the television or open up a newspaper without seeing a story about it. But what's most interesting about foreclosures is that they appear to be concentrated in certain areas of the country. According to the foreclosure-tracking service RealtyTrac, 4 states accounted for more than half of nation's foreclosures last month. A

Foreclosure is a hot topic among the press lately. It's hard to turn on the television or open up a newspaper without seeing a story about it. But what's most interesting about foreclosures is that they appear to be concentrated in certain areas of the country. According to the foreclosure-tracking service RealtyTrac, 4 states accounted for more than half of nation's foreclosures last month. A

I won't let you go until you say please.As it turns out Chromeo's '100 Percent' isn't as new a track as I thought (it was on their July-released album) but by web standards remains one that hasn't been talked about in great detail. To be blunt, it's pretty easy to see why: it sounds like a hybrid between a really bad 70's porn movie (not that I watch them or anything... ahem) and GTA Vice City rad

Berkshire Hathaway reported that its profits fell 77 percent for the third quarter as weaker results from insurance underwriting as well as large losses on derivatives contracts weighed down its earnings. The company reported net income of $1.06 billion or $682 per share compared to $4.55 billion or $2,942 per share for the same quarter a year prior.

AP - The nation’s unemployment evaluate latched to a 14-year broad of 6.5 proportionality in Oct as added 240,000 jobs were cut, the polity said Friday. It was stark grounds the frugalness is nearly sure in a recession. Original place by AP

According to study conducted by Boston University researchers, people who carry a probiotic bacteria called Oxalobacter formigenes are 70% less likely to develop kidney stones than people whose dietary tracts lack the bacteria. Published in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Researchers compared 247 people who suffered from recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones with [...]

Toyota Motors has extended its zero percent financing for the month of November in hopes of increasing sales. The company reported a 23 percent decline in October, slightly lower than declines from its Detroit rivals.

Property prices in the UAE saw an increase in September, with Dubai registering 17 percent increase, and Abu Dhabi registering 11 percent increased, compared to an average increase of just 2 to 3 percent during the summer months. According to a recent report released by HSBC Bank about the UAE real estate market, the price growth is gathering pace after a brief moderation during the summer

The Issue: California Voters will be deciding on Proposition 11 on the November 4th Ballot. A recent field poll shows the redistricting proposition ahead by 15%. Proposition 11 has been campaigned heavily by California lawmakers, most notably Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and is endorsed by most California newspapers. A video that communicates the need for Proposition 11:     The Field (Cal

Nissan reported a 39 percent drop in its quarter earnings and issued a profit warning on Friday. The company joins the rest of the auto industry who have been hit hard by recent economic conditions. Nissan's Ghosn stated, "We see no relief in the second half."

Oct 30 - Mylan Inc. said Thursday its third-quarter profit grew 15 percent due to sales from the Merck KGaA generic business, which it bought last year, and deferred revenue from the sale of a blood pressure drug.Net income rose to $172 million, or 45 cents a share, from $149.8 million, or 60 cents a share, a year earlier. Excluding one-time gains, Mylan said its profit was $105.4 million, or 23 c

Nintendo Co.'s sales and profit figures for the first half of fiscal 2008 hit record highs, mainly thanks to strong sales of the Nintendo DS and Wii consoles in the U.S. and Europe. First-half sales on a consolidated basis were up 20.4 percent from the year earlier to 836.8 billion yen, with net profit up 9.4 percent to 144.8 billion yen. The console manufacturer sold 10.1 million Wii units

I am amazed at how many people think that suddenly with a 10 percent gain on Monday that somehow the market is now in good shape.  This could not be further from the truth.  Massive percentage swings occur during economic turbulent times.  You do not want to see 10 percent up or 10 percent down [...]

In an effort to revive the economy the Federal Reserve cut the federal funds rate today but a half-point (0.5%). This lowers the rate to 1 percent – the lowest rate since 2003-2004. The last time the federal funds rate was lower than 1 percent was during the Eisenhower administration in 1958. Today’s interest rate cut [...]

The Federal Reserve cut the federal funds rate by a half of a percentage point to 1 percent. Analysts had expected the half point basis drop in order to deal with the worst U.S. economic downturn in decades.

Comcast reported a 38 percent increase in third quarter profits, as the company has been able to prosper off of higher cable TV rates. Comcast also reported that it expects to exceed its free cash flow growth forecast of at least 20 percent for its fiscal 2008.

Wednesday October 29, 2008 Navivest The Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve, decided today to cut its target for the federal funds rate 50 basis points to 1 percent. The federal funds rate is the key bench mark interest rate in the U.S. and is also the interest rate that banks charge each other on overnight [...]

Honda Motor Co.'s operating profit in North America tumbled 80.6 percent in the July-September quarter, spurring the automaker to cut its full-year earnings outlook.Regional operating profit dropped to 22.5 billion yen ($208.3 million) in the carmaker's fiscal second quarter, from 116.0 billion yen a year earlier. Sales in North America, the company's most important market, slid 9.9 percent to 401

Australia has started to filter the Internet, searching for "illegal content".That has arisen fears among the liberal democracies that in the blacklist could also be included legal content."Family First", argues that the porn subject on the Internet has reached epidemic proportions and kids’ education is at risk.Government will establish a Mandatory Filtering Scheme at the ISP Server Level, act

Shares of Volkswagon have drastically increased in value as rumors hedge funds have been forced to buy scarce shares at high prices in order to unwind bets betting that the stock would drop. Porsche now holds nearly 43 percent of the company and has option to reach 75 percent by next year leading to the company have a shortage of available shares.

As consumers continue to migrate towards the Internet and away from newspapers, the industry is seeing even faster declines than anticipated. Throughout the U.S. weekly circulation has dropped by 4.6 percent over the last 12 months. As the economy continues to worsen consumers are looking at every way possible in order to cut back on their expenses.

Automaker Porsche said Sunday it had boosted its stake in Volkswagen AG to 42.6 percent as part of its goal to take a majority hold in Europe's biggest car maker before the end of the year.Porsche Automobil Holding SE was already Volkswagen's biggest shareholder, with just over 35 percent, and said this month that its stake had increased, without giving an exact figure.Porsche said it wanted to an

KidChanStudio has just launched an easy payment plan for wedding couples who are interested in hiring their service. Now you can spread your credit card payment over 6, 12, 18 or even 24 months period. Congrats Kid. This is an excellent move forward. Should you wish to hire KidChanStudio for your weddings, kindly click here. WHO [...]

Japanese electronics giant Sony on Thursday cut its net income forecast by 37 per cent for the financial year ending March 31, 2009, citing stronger Yen and intense price competition.The company now expects a net income of 150 billion Yen for the current fiscal year, while it had forecast a net income of 240 billion Yen in July.In a statement today, Sony said the guidance for the full year is lowe

Despite OPEC cutting oil production by 1.5 million barrels per day, oil dropped to its lowest level in 17 months. Concerns over the global financial crisis have led oil to drop over 11 percent for the week. Crude Oil closed at $64.15 Friday down 5.4 percent for the day.

Chrysler announced that it plans to eliminate 25 percent of its salaried workforce. The news comes just one day after the company announced plans to cut 1,8250 employees by the end of the year. The auto industry has been one of the industries hit most hard by the economic crisis.

Gartner Says Worldwide SaaS Revenue in the Enterprise Application Markets Will Grow 27 Per Cent in 2008 Total SaaS Revenue Will More than Double by 2012 Egham, UK — Worldwide software-as-a-service (SaaS) revenue in the enterprise application markets* is on pace to surpass $6.4 billion in 2008, a 27 per cent increase from 2007 revenue [...]

According to foreclosure-tracking service RealtyTrac, the foreclosure rate is falling nationwide. Versus August, foreclosures fell by 12 percent in September 2008 as more than half of the states showed month-over-month improvement. Most interesting in the data is that several states that led the foreclosure boom in 2007 now appear to be leading the charge out of it. For example: In Arizona, f

According to foreclosure-tracking service RealtyTrac, the foreclosure rate is falling nationwide. Versus August, foreclosures fell by 12 percent in September 2008 as more than half of the states showed month-over-month improvement. Most interesting in the data is that several states that led the foreclosure boom in 2007 now appear to be leading the charge out of it. For example: In Arizona, f

The prices of villas in Dubai have sky-rocketed in the recent past. The last two years have seen an increase of 50 percent in the prices of villas. About 13,800 more villas are likely to hit the market within the next two years at various locations of the emirate, say experts. Majority of these villas will be located in the Al Furjan development by Nakheel, while the others would come up in the

Nissan alliance has made a proposal to obtain a 20 percent stake in Chrysler LLC from Cerberus. Citing sources familiar with the matter, the newspaper said that the Carlos Ghosn, CEO of both Renault SA and Nissan Motor Co., has already sent an offer that included revisions to a draft agreement prepared by Cerberus.

Yahoo Inc. reported a 64 percent drop in profits as the company continues to struggle with declining advertising sales. Its third quarter earnings fell to $54.3 million or 4 cents a share from $151.3 million or 11 cents a share for the same quarter a year prior. Yahoo stated that they plan to cut 10 percent of their workforce or nearly 1500 positions.

Netflix reported a 30 percent rise in profits as lowered subscriber costs have increased its profit margins significantly. The company released earnings of $20.4 million or 33 cents a share, compared to $15.6 million or 23 cents a share for the same quarter a year prior.

The Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MoIC) has sent a proposal to the Ministry of Finance (MoF) to adjust the import and export taxes on several steel products. For example, a 0% export tax on steel ingots has been requested (the current one is 5%). Nguyen Thanh Bien, Deputy Minister of MoIC said that the amount of steel ingots in stock has now risen to 500,000 tons, not including the usual

Are your advertising efforts reflected in your affiliate commissions? Chances are your affiliate commissions are being hijacked. I know it sounds farfetched, but there are some internet thugs out there that thrive in finding the lazy ways to wealth. Instead of advertising and promoting their progams, they would rather spend their time finding ways to deprive you of you hard earned commissions.How

Despite a 7 percent decline in overall game sales declines in hardware sales for the industry as a whole, Nintendo reported a 37 percent increase in its Nintendo Wii sales. September was the first month in nearly two years that the game industry has seen declines. Nintendo is planning to increase its shipments to North America by 50 percent in order to avoid shortages that limited the company's

According to data released by NPD, video game sales dropped 7 percent in September. The decline was the first major monthly decline for video game sales since March 2006. Analyst, Anita Frazier, stated that game sales remained quite strong and are set to make nearly $22 billion in sales this year.

Voter turnout has been taking a nosedive over the past fifteen years because 1. the Canada Elections Act put a 36-day minimum on campaigning, and 2. the federal parties figured out that if you have $50 million dollars to spend over an election campaign it’s better value to do it over 36 days instead [...]

Thanks to The Natural Child Project for alerting me to Kaiser Permanente’s new study, recently published by th Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine in October 2008. The study concludes that using a fan will lower a baby’s risk of SIDS by 72 percent. This is HUGE!! Read More . . .

Monday, the Dow, S&P 500, and Nasdaq were all up more than 11%. The Dow and S&P 500 had their largest percentage gains since 1932. Woo hoo! The market hit bottom. It’s going back up. Right? Not so fast! Be prepared for lots more volatility! The market will eventually go back up, but it will probably [...]

48 percent of respondents indicate that their organization is evaluating, testing, or implementing Vista. 30 percent of respondents have organizations that are currently implementing or have already implemented Vista. 50 percent of the respondents said Vista is performing "above expectation" on key features.

The Federal Reserve made an “emergency rate cut” yesterday morning, dropping the Fed Funds Rate by one half-percent to 1.500 percent. The move is meant to stimulate the U.S. economy. When the Federal Reserve changes the Fed Funds Rate, it often takes 9 months for the changes to work their way through the economy.  On a broad scale, therefore,

Today, Thailand's share prices plummeted 9.6 percent, prompting regulators to close the market for 30 minutes after midday trading when share values had dropped more than 10 per cent. All this happened in just a few minutes.The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) index slipped to 449.91 shortly after mid-day break, which is a drop of 50.08 points or 10.02%, and the panic sell off prompted authorities

The Indonesian Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Board (Bapepam-LK) raised the limit of buybacks by issuers or listed companies from 10 percent to maximally 20 percent of their total shares.Bapepam-LK chairman Fuad Rahmani said here on Thursday that the raise in the buyback limit was given in connection with current economic conditions."Meanwhile in terms of volume the maximum l

Surveys always give a very interesting statistics and information about the subject of the research. This time we are covering the survey made by Backbone IT Group that provides search engine optimization, Internet marketing and software development services to clients worldwide. According to the results 83 percent of businesses believe their websites are failing to convert enough visitor traffic

The Federal Reserve made an "emergency rate cut" this morning, dropping the Fed Funds Rate by one half-percent to 1.500 percent. The move is meant to stimulate the U.S. economy. When the Federal Reserve changes the Fed Funds Rate, it often takes 9 months for the changes to work their way through the economy. On a broad scale, therefore, we won't know if the cut truly "worked" until Summer 2009.

The Federal Reserve made an "emergency rate cut" this morning, dropping the Fed Funds Rate by one half-percent to 1.500 percent. The move is meant to stimulate the U.S. economy. When the Federal Reserve changes the Fed Funds Rate, it often takes 9 months for the changes to work their way through the economy. On a broad scale, therefore, we won't know if the cut truly "worked" until Summer 2009.

Indonesia's stock exchange halted share-market trading for the first time in eight years after the benchmark index plunged 10 percent, the biggest decline since the 1998 Asian financial crisis.Trading was suspended indefinitely, the exchange said in an e-mailed statement. The Jakarta Composite Index plummeted the most in Asia, where credit market turmoil drove the MSCI Asia Pacific Index to its bi

Last Monday the Dow Industrials fell by 777 points after the US Senate didn’t pass the 700 billion bailout package. Most news reporters informed the public that Mondays drop in the oldest US stock index was the largest one day point drop ever. They were correct in this one. The issue is that this was not the largest drop in percentage terms. In other words even though last Mondays drop was highe

More than 40 percent of children in the United Kingdom are living in poverty, according to the latest research. That is some 5.5 million children. Whilst official measures of child poverty are based on a national survey of family income, the new research published by the Campaign to End Child Poverty was compiled using tax credit data. This gives the percentage of children on low incomes in l

AP via Yahoo Finance reports the following: WASHINGTON (AP) — Rates on 30-year mortgages have risen for a second straight week, climbing to the highest level in a month. Freddie Mac, the mortgage company, reported Thursday that 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages averaged 6.10 percent this week, up slightly from 6.09 percent last week. It was the highest level [...]

Nissan Motor company has been hit hard by economic conditions. The company reported a 37 percent drop in auto sales in the U.S. Nissan sold 59,565 vehicles in September significantly lower than 94,269 from the same month a year prior.

What happens to the new ways of thinking that you acquired during training on new concepts? The essence of the article cited below is that there is an average of 28% increase in productivity through training, but an 88% if the training is followed up by coaching after the initial training. This is why we introduced [...]

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have set a world record in solar cell efficiency with a photovoltaic device that converts 40.8 percent of the light that hits it into electricity. This is the highest confirmed efficiency of any photovoltaic device to date.The inverted metamorphic triple-junction solar cell was designed, fabricated and indepe