Eucalyptus

Giant Eucalyptus in South Africa: the Grand Trees (I) Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 15 - June 2008 by Celso Foelkel Summary of Contents Editorial Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 6 (English): "Eco-efficiency managing pulp fiber losses and broke generated in... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Seven key issues on Eucalyptus and alelopathy Or seven reasons why stating eucalypts poison soils is mostly... bullshit Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus Canopy 11 x 16 Watercolor on Aquabee paperThis was fun to paint loosely with a fat Winsor Newton 1.5 inch series 680 brush (see process shots with the brush starting at the bottom of this post). I should have used Arches or Fabriano paper because the Aquabee didn't like the brush when the paper was still damp from a previous pass of color. It would have pilled if I hadn't stopped layeri

The Tasmanian Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labil.) is a large tree species native to southern Australia. It also goes by the common names Southern Blue Gum and Blue Gum Eucalyptus. The tree in the image above is located in a botanical garden in Malaga, Spain. I measured the trunk of this tree at 1.6 meters wide at the base. This Eucalyptus tree species is one of the most common in Spain. T

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 14 - April 2008 by Celso Foelkel Summary of Contents Editorial Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 8 (Portuguese): "Mixed plantings of Eucalyptus & Acacia (I): Acacia... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

By their fruits ye shall know them (III) More small tips on Eucalyptus Identification Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eco-efficacy, eco-efficiency and clean production opportunities for Eucalyptus Kraft Cellulose production by Celso Foelkel Summary of Contents (Portuguese edition) IntroductionAdding value to... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

O Eucaliptal em Portugal: Impactes Ambientais e Investigação Científica (Eucalyptus cultivation in Portugal: Environmental Impacts & Scientific Research) A new publication on sustainable... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

EUCALYPTOLOGICS brings you today as a part of our Global Resource Maps a visual summary of the key Eucalyptus forestry statistics for Brazil by 2008, printable as a 100 x 75 cm poster. Of course, it... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

"Plus tree : a phenotype judged, but not yet proven by progeny test, to be unusually superior in some quality or qualities such as an exceptional growth rate relative to the site, desirable growth... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

(Click image to enlarge) Scientists of Umeå University at Sweden have located the oldest Christmas Tree in the World. A 9,550 year old Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Dalarna province of Sweden... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Ecoefficiency and clean production for Eucalyptus based pulp & paper industries by Celso Foelkel Summary of Contents IntroductionEcoefficiency, cleaner production and competitivityEcoefficiency... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

A couple of weeks ago ASPAPEL (Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Pasta, Papel y Cartón) made public the Second Edition of a Sustainability Report (PDF, 5.2 MB) summarising the state-of-the-art... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus regeneration: tips & tricks for potted plants Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eco Friendly 7pc Ewins Outdoor Eucalyptus Wood Patio Dining Set (Kitchen)By EWINS Buy new: $599.99 First tagged “patio” by blazenka graso Customer tags: patio furniture(2), patio(2), patio set(2), outdoor furniture(2), balau wood, [...]

365 days in the life of a baby Eucalyptus Or how to check your gum trees are doing fine at nursery EUCALYPTOLOGICS frequently receives inquiries from amenity growers and horticulturalists around the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS: CULTIVATED FORESTS WORLD MAP (Click image to enlarge, 940 x 768 px) (A larger 1280 x 1024 higher quality version is available upon request) EUCALYPTOLOGICS received a... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Managing growth in ornamental eucalypts: Ongoing Eucalyptus gunnii sculpture in a temperate Atlantic garden Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

EUCALYPTOLOGICS brings you today a video depicting an impressive feat of naval, chemical, mining, agricultural, civil and forestry engineering in the mouth of the Amazon River. The birth of Monte... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

By their fruits ye shall know them (II) More small tips on Eucalyptus Identification Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

We receive frequent inquiries at EUCALYPTOLOGICS on Eucalyptus being or not possible to propagate from cuttings. And we were running out of examples to show it is very possible. Fortunately the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 13 - February 2008 by Celso Foelkel Summary of Contents EditorialEucalyptus Online Book Chapter 7 (English): "Ecoefficient Management of Woody Forest Residues from... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus, from Greek ευ (well) + κάλυπτος (veiled) = "Well covered" Anthesis, from Greek άνθος (flower) + ησις (event) = "The time or action of a flower opening" Anthesis in Eucalyptus robusta... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

100 years after Navarro de Andrade started industrial scale Eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil, we bring you today a look at the largest and most advanced Eucalyptus timber based single-cellulosic pulp... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus will survive Doomsday or the funny story of E. largiflorens becoming the Northernmost Eucalypt in the World The Norwegian Government inaugurated yesterday the Svalbard Global Seed Vault... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

New Hybrid Eucalyptus discovered in the Pacific Northwest Barclay's Hybrid Eucalyptus crenulata x nitens found in the USA Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Cold Hardy Pink Flowering Eucalyptus Asessing cold tolerance of E. leucoxylon 'Rosea' Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Harvesting and Extracting Eucalyptus Seed from Specimen Trees: The Basics Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Biology Professor and Students Discover Record Eucalyptus Tree in Cal Poly Canyon Cal Poly News - January 2008 SAN LUIS OBISPO -- California Polytechnic State University's Biology Professor Matt... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

SPECIAL REPORT: The environmentalist scam of removing ecofriendly status to certified eucalypts EUCALYPTOLOGICS has just unexpectedly received an impressive document on Sustainable Forestry... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 12 - November 2007 by Celso Foelkel Summary of Contents Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 7 (Portuguese): "Ecoefficient Management of Woody Forest Residues from Eucalyptus... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Life of an Eucalyptus Clone (Videolink) SUNJOURNAL: Eucalyptus in Brazil Report Enjoy the texts of Carol Coultas and photography of Amber Waterman on their trip from Maine to Brazil to find out... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

A video today, depicting 11 treasures growing in the forests of the world, heritage to preserve. No wonder the music is a Sacred Spirit chant. And no wonder, three of them are Giant... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Eucalyptus and Snow: Winter views of eucalypt timber plantations in Northwestern Spain Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

(click to enlarge) GRATIAM HABEO, THANK YOU, DOMO ARIGATO, GRACIAS, DANKE, TAKK, DÊKUJI, TAK, MERCI, TACK, DANK U, GRAZIE, GRAZAS, GRACIES, KHAWP KHUN, OBRIGADO, KIITOS, DANKIE, TASHAKKUR,... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Pictured below, three examples of Eucalyptus growing as ornamental plants in gardens where restrictive winter events lead to aerial part loss and natural regeneration from coppice favours annual... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

Making charcoal with Eucalyptus "Mahogany"? Shit happens. Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com -... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

The Footprints of Citizen Labillardière Chronology of the discovery of Eucalyptus globulus Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

We have seen previously in this EUCALYPTOLOGICS Blog how Eucalyptus can adapt well to different types of cultivation, variable depending on the final desired use (ornamental or timber production... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

GRATIAM HABEO, THANK YOU, DOMO ARIGATO, GRACIAS, DANKE, TAKK, DÊKUJI, TAK, MERCI, TACK, DANK U, GRAZIE, GRAZAS, GRACIES, KHAWP KHUN, OBRIGADO, KIITOS, DANKIE... For stopping by and reading our... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

100% Galician Eucalyptus globulus timber built home, both outdoors and indoors . No concrete, no brick, no metal joints, just Eucalyptus wood. (Click image to enlarge) A new divulgative publication... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]

We start here a thread depicting Eucalyptus cultivation around the world. Some 200 years after their discovery eucalypts have become some of the most important travelling plants in human history, introduced in countries in all continents. Their importance as source of timber and non timber products, as landscape elements, as ornamental plants, is one of the outstanding contributions of Australia to the world.AustraliaSaudi ArabiaChinaAcknowledgementsWe will be adding here a list of contributing authors. We hope it grows!Midgley, S J (CSIRO); Turnbull, J W (ACIAR); Turner, L. (Emu Ridge)Contribute to Eucalyptus InternationalWherever you are, consider sharing your images with us to enlarge this thread depicting Eucalyptus cultivation around the world and help creating an international online gallery: Eucalyptus, the global plants. But please, not just trees. People, and trees.Simply contact us, and we will find the best way to receive your images to later add them to the thread.© 2007 G

Sir David Attenborough has been travelling the world for the last 50 years to show us the wonders of nature in all its forms. There are so many amazing moments captured in film with him around that choosing just one is a though choice. But this is EUCALYPTOLOGICS, the Eucalyptus Blog, so the natural choice has to be witnessing a Giant among Giants showing us King Regnans. Enjoy the Mountain Ash in its old growth Australian forest habitat! (click to play)King Regnans Giant Eucalyptus video courtesy of BBCOriginally released by 1995, the Peabody Award Winner nature documentary The Private Life of Plants by the BBC is a striking trip around the world to unveil the secrets of plant evolution, adaption and struggle for survival in this ever changing world we all have the priviledge to warden.Attenborough's comments wisely blended with amazing photography and Richard Grassby-Lewis' musical companion make this piece of art a milestone in the divulgation of botany, biogeography, ecology an

Navarro de Andrade, the man who planted 24 million Eucalyptus trees... or more.Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS(click image to enlarge)"Go, without delay. Leave anything else you have to do. Nothing is more pressing because nothing is more precious for you to do during your trip to São Paulo but visiting the Forestry Station at Rio Claro. Anything else matters little. Here you will find what you cannot see anywhere else. Everything is unheard of, gigantic, majestic... If you want a boost to your pride of being Brazilian, but with a well deserved and fair pride, then go to Rio Claro. And when leaving the place, travel straight to Rio de Janeiro... There is nothing else of interest to see afterwards for whom got to know the wonderful work of a Brazilian whose name so few remember: Navarro de Andrade"Excerpts of correspondence between writers Monteiro Lobato & Celestino

We have already seen in this blog some images of the Giant Eucalyptus of Spain & Portugal. And while telling the story of these giant eucalypts we had mentioned that among those at Souto da Retorta (Lugo, Spain) tradition marks one of them, O Avó de Chavín (The Grandfather), as the main shrine of a magical place.Today we bring you Grandpa and Loreena McKennitt ... in video!Images and movie are courtesy of El Blog de Forestman, yet another Naturalist corner of the Internet cultivated by foresters and a window to watch the inhabitants of the Spanish woods. Bookmark that place.Also to check while here...Eucalyptus: The Giants of Spain & PortugalEucalyptus globulus: Giant Heritage TreesEucalyptus Giants: The Fat Guys at Both Sides of the WorldThe Karri Knight: Tallest Tree in Europe?Eucalyptus: coastal rainforests in Galicia (Spain)© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we d

Growing Eucalyptus from seed: it is in the detailsGustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.com - EUCALYPTOLOGICS(click image to enlarge)Propagating Eucalyptus from seed is easy. But easy and efficient are variable concepts that have to be considered depending on plant production targets. Amenity growing and commercial nursery production share the same basic concepts, but a considerable amount of extra details must be considered in each particular case.The basic idea should always be "each seed matters" no matter at what stage of seedling growing you are. The closer the final results are to this key initial idea, the better. But inbetween the ideal maximum efficiency and total failure many results can be satisfactory from both technical and financial points of view.Today we present you a small sequence of basic stages from Eucalyptus seed sowing to final plant dispatch using one of the simplest methods

Eucalyptus Newsletter nº 11 - September 2007by Celso FoelkelSummary of ContentsEucalyptus Online Book Chapter 6 (Portuguese): "Eco-efficiency in managing pulp fiber losses and paper broke generation"Eucalyptus Online Book Chapter 4 (English):"Vessel elements and Eucalyptus pulps" Online Technical ReferencesReferences on Events and CoursesOnline Technical JournalsEuca-LinksEucalyptus Photo GalleryA Field Guide to the Eucalyptus and Plantation Forest TreesThe Friends of the Eucalyptus - Dr. Laercio CoutoTechnical mini-article by Celso Foelkel: Eucalyptus planted forests and water consumption© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Eucalyptus trials in Oregon Country: Stan & LeeSome early work with Australian trees in the Pacific Northwest Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.comEUCALYPTOLOGICSThe cultivation of Eucalyptus in the Pacific Northwest has had to do with trialling of species for relatively a long time now, sometimes as ornamentals and other times as part of forestry hardwood trials. It is however a relatively recent trend, especially if compared to the very old tradition for the cultivation of Eucalyptus in California.One of the steps in this process of increasing eucalypt growing had to do with the works of an Oregonian forester, keen tree grower and adventurous fan of the Australian trees.Lee O. Hunt (1912?-2002), who would later be President of the Douglas County Small Woodland Association, started methodic experimentation at nursery and field trials with 14 species of Eucalyptus back in 1971, focusing in

Approaching a blooming Eucalyptus lets one see Galician honey bees joyfully foraging and crossing the sky in their aerial dances to report all the hive nice food has been found. The heady scent of nectar filled flowers lets you know they cannot be wrong.As a result, Galicia yields high quality organically produced Eucalyptus honey. A delicacy for connoisseurs.MIELES OUTEDAEucalyptus honey from the Rías Baixas, GaliciaMEL DE GALICIAIndicación Xeográfica Protexidawww.mieldegalicia.org© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Approaching a blooming Eucalyptus lets one see Galician honey bees joyfully foraging and crossing the sky in their aerial dances to report all the hive nice food has been found. The heady scent of nectar filled flowers lets you know they cannot be wrong.As a result, Galicia yields high quality organically produced Eucalyptus honey. A delicacy for connoisseurs.MIELES OUTEDAEucalyptus honey from the Rías Baixas, GaliciaMEL DE GALICIAIndicación Xeográfica Protexidawww.mieldegalicia.org© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

We bring you today yet other four presentation examples of several types of cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus. Some of these gum trees are specimen plants in big containers suitable for display at garden centres or urban landscaping and requiring special care in this case. Others of these container grown plants are suitable for direct planting into convenient garden designs but requiring appropriate maintenance operations post-planting. (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -15ºC to -20ºCMore information? (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -8ºC to -12ºCMore information? (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -15ºC to -20ºCMore information? (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -8ºC to -12ºCMore information? All these eucalypt types can thrive in USDA Zone 8 and some can tolerate USDA Zone 7 winters in gardens with appropriate microclimates. Most Eucalyptus benefit from full sun exposure and suitable protection from wind damage during their first years.Wa

We bring you today yet other four presentation examples of several types of cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus. Some of these gum trees are specimen plants in big containers suitable for display at garden centres or urban landscaping and requiring special care in this case. Others of these container grown plants are suitable for direct planting into convenient garden designs but requiring appropriate maintenance operations post-planting. (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -15ºC to -20ºCMore information? (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -8ºC to -12ºCMore information? (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -15ºC to -20ºCMore information? (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -8ºC to -12ºCMore information? All these eucalypt types can thrive in USDA Zone 8 and some can tolerate USDA Zone 7 winters in gardens with appropriate microclimates. Most Eucalyptus benefit from full sun exposure and suitable protection from wind damage during their first years.Wa

Eucalyptus dalrympleana in Galicia (NW Spain) ... and elsewhere Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.comDalrymple who?Back in 1767 a British gentleman named Alexander Dalrymple theorised on the existence of a Terra Australis Incognita to the south of New Guinea, and suggested a route to the Unknown based on the old maps done by Luis Váez de Torres, the Spaniard that a century earlier could have discovered Terra Australis... twice. Three years after the theory Sir Joseph Banks was onboard Captain Cook's Endeavour towards Botany Bay, which would start the practical discovery of Australian flora and soon of a new country for the British Empire. Eucalyptus country.Fig 1: Mountain Gum grove in the Highlands of Galicia (NW Spain)A species distributed accross a large spatial range in Australia, E. dalrympleana was not described until 1920, when Joseph Maiden (later honoured with E. globulus ssp. maid

Eucalyptus dalrympleana in Galicia (NW Spain) ... and elsewhere Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.comDalrymple who?Back in 1767 a British gentleman named Alexander Dalrymple theorised on the existence of a Terra Australis Incognita to the south of New Guinea, and suggested a route to the Unknown based on the old maps done by Luis Váez de Torres, the Spaniard that a century earlier could have discovered Terra Australis... twice. Three years after the theory Sir Joseph Banks was onboard Captain Cook's Endeavour towards Botany Bay, which would start the practical discovery of Australian flora and soon of a new country for the British Empire. Eucalyptus country.Fig 1: Mountain Gum grove in the Highlands of Galicia (NW Spain)A species distributed accross a large spatial range in Australia, E. dalrympleana was not described until 1920, when Joseph Maiden (later honoured with E. globulus ssp. maid

We have seen earlier in this blog some examples of old growth in the eucalypt belt of Northwestern Spain, specimens representative of a middle stage (1900-1940) in the spread of these Australian trees from botanical rarities growing in plant collections or private gardens (1860-1900) to a major timber crop. The remaining trees of those old days are currently giants, and in some cases, natural monuments.Fig 1: Giant isolated specimen of Eucalyptus globulus growing at sea level near one of the nowadays largest eucalypt forest in Europe.Impressive growth rates achievable in an all year-round warm climate with abundant rainfall and frequent fog soon caught attention of peasants, foresters and timberjacks. As soon as 1913 some authors quote:"It is the first species [E. globulus] which has become more common, be it as isolated specimens, be it forming small groves, or sometimes small forests as the so very beautiful one owned by the intelligent agriculturalist and enthusiastic friend of the

We have seen earlier in this blog some examples of old growth in the eucalypt belt of Northwestern Spain, specimens representative of a middle stage (1900-1940) in the spread of these Australian trees from botanical rarities growing in plant collections or private gardens (1860-1900) to a major timber crop. The remaining trees of those old days are currently giants, and in some cases, natural monuments.Fig 1: Giant isolated specimen of Eucalyptus globulus growing at sea level near one of the nowadays largest eucalypt forest in Europe.Impressive growth rates achievable in an all year-round warm climate with abundant rainfall and frequent fog soon caught attention of peasants, foresters and timberjacks. As soon as 1913 some authors quote:"It is the first species [E. globulus] which has become more common, be it as isolated specimens, be it forming small groves, or sometimes small forests as the so very beautiful one owned by the intelligent agriculturalist and enthusiastic friend of the

Warning: ironies belowAs you well know, Eucalyptus are those little diverse Australian trees, that all become giants, invasive unestoppable weeds, they deplete soil and lower watertables, so aggresive nothing grows under them, so poisonous nothing can grow where they once grew, as much troublegiving as unable to be planted in gardens because their roots spread for a hundred meters and can cause havoc to anything growing in their way. They have nil or low ornamental potential and in addition they are not cold hardy!Fig 1: Example of compact growth in sculpted cold hardy Eucalyptus grown in big containers Fig 2: Example of garden performance for Minilyptus, sculpted for mallee growth habit. Planted in company of red flowering Callistemon and with an understorey of different Hebe cultivars.Fig 3: Example of distinct connate juvenile foliage and flower buds of the Spinning Gum Tree.Fig 4: Example of heavily pruned (pollarded) Eucalyptus gunnii cultivated from a potted specimen and plante

Warning: ironies belowAs you well know, Eucalyptus are those little diverse Australian trees, that all become giants, invasive unestoppable weeds, they deplete soil and lower watertables, so aggresive nothing grows under them, so poisonous nothing can grow where they once grew, as much troublegiving as unable to be planted in gardens because their roots spread for a hundred meters and can cause havoc to anything growing in their way. They have nil or low ornamental potential and in addition they are not cold hardy!Fig 1: Example of compact growth in sculpted cold hardy Eucalyptus grown in big containers Fig 2: Example of garden performance for Minilyptus, sculpted for mallee growth habit. Planted in company of red flowering Callistemon and with an understorey of different Hebe cultivars.Fig 3: Example of distinct connate juvenile foliage and flower buds of the Spinning Gum Tree.Fig 4: Example of heavily pruned (pollarded) Eucalyptus gunnii cultivated from a potted specimen and plante

Early growth in ornamental eucalypts: Sculpting Eucalyptus gunnii (Follow the links under each figure for full description of each stage)Fig. 1: Standard potted ornamental eucalypt ready to be planted outFig. 2: Early growth during the first year post-plantingFig. 3: First winter growth and spring Eucalyptus pollardingFig. 4: Second year early growth after size control operations (pruning & clipping)Fig. 5: Pollarded & pruned ornamental Eucalyptus 65 weeks after plantingBenefits of combining pollarding, pruning and clipping on ornamental garden Eucalyptus- Size control achieved, important for gardens with limited space (tree size estabilised around 3 m)- Basal branches retained (not discarded by the tree after building up higher crown)- More compact form (noticeable length growth in basal branches)- Balanced aerial part/root system ratio (we minimise windhtrow damage risks)- Fresh Eucalyptus foliage from pruning operations, useful for flower arrangementsKeep an eye on...- New branch ar

Early growth in ornamental eucalypts: Sculpting Eucalyptus gunnii (Follow the links under each figure for full description of each stage)Fig. 1: Standard potted ornamental eucalypt ready to be planted outFig. 2: Early growth during the first year post-plantingFig. 3: First winter growth and spring Eucalyptus pollardingFig. 4: Second year early growth after size control operations (pruning & clipping)Fig. 5: Pollarded & pruned ornamental Eucalyptus 65 weeks after plantingBenefits of combining pollarding, pruning and clipping on ornamental garden Eucalyptus- Size control achieved, important for gardens with limited space (tree size estabilised around 3 m)- Basal branches retained (not discarded by the tree after building up higher crown)- More compact form (noticeable length growth in basal branches)- Balanced aerial part/root system ratio (we minimise windhtrow damage risks)- Fresh Eucalyptus foliage from pruning operations, useful for flower arrangementsKeep an eye on...- New branch ar

Phenology of E. macarthurii in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)Blooming starts: AugustBlooming ends: OctoberNº simultaneous flower/fruit crops: up to 3Seed maturity after flower bud formation: 18 to 30 monthsSeed maturity after blooming: 12 to 18 monthsThe Eucalyptus of Sir William Macarthur can reach up to 40 meters height when grown at forestry plantings on good sites, or remain a shorter tree of wider crown and retaining basal branches when grown as isolated specimen (20-30 m).Its quite good cold hardiness, resisting down to -10ºC and more than 80 frost events per year, and its average growth rates, made of it one of the alternative species in Northwestern Spain to E. globulus for inland areas or beyond 500 meters above sea level before the widespread planting of E. nitens.Prolific in flowering, individual blooms are very small sized and difficult to notice. In clusters of seven, they become small white masses, same way as E. pauciflora. But these inflorescences are yet the size of a

Phenology of E. macarthurii in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)Blooming starts: AugustBlooming ends: OctoberNº simultaneous flower/fruit crops: up to 3Seed maturity after flower bud formation: 18 to 30 monthsSeed maturity after blooming: 12 to 18 monthsThe Eucalyptus of Sir William Macarthur can reach up to 40 meters height when grown at forestry plantings on good sites, or remain a shorter tree of wider crown and retaining basal branches when grown as isolated specimen (20-30 m).Its quite good cold hardiness, resisting down to -10ºC and more than 80 frost events per year, and its average growth rates, made of it one of the alternative species in Northwestern Spain to E. globulus for inland areas or beyond 500 meters above sea level before the widespread planting of E. nitens.Prolific in flowering, individual blooms are very small sized and difficult to notice. In clusters of seven, they become small white masses, same way as E. pauciflora. But these inflorescences are yet the size of a

One of the factors that have been used and abused for the demonisation of Eucalyptus trees is "their ability to deplete soils, so nothing can grow where eucalypts once grew". A myth very in the same line of the "nothing grows under gum trees" one. Pretty surely those propagating these ideas and those giving credit to the previous have never been to the natural habitat of these trees in Australia, whose rich agricultural and livestock production happens each day mainly on previously cleared land once covered with eucalypt forests. And quite possibly myth believers have never been into an eucalypt plantation either.What is sure is that Eucalyptus can perfectly be grown under sustainable forestry principles, and that knowing your soils and your plants before taking opinion is very important. Soil management under sustainability philosophies relies basically on the simple principle of "what you get out of it should come back". Return nutrients that you extract, or at least try to minimise

One of the factors that have been used and abused for the demonisation of Eucalyptus trees is "their ability to deplete soils, so nothing can grow where eucalypts once grew". A myth very in the same line of the "nothing grows under gum trees" one. Pretty surely those propagating these ideas and those giving credit to the previous have never been to the natural habitat of these trees in Australia, whose rich agricultural and livestock production happens each day mainly on previously cleared land once covered with eucalypt forests. And quite possibly myth believers have never been into an eucalypt plantation either.What is sure is that Eucalyptus can perfectly be grown under sustainable forestry principles, and that knowing your soils and your plants before taking opinion is very important. Soil management under sustainability philosophies relies basically on the simple principle of "what you get out of it should come back". Return nutrients that you extract, or at least try to minimise

Here you have other three examples of cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus. These gum trees are not, as we saw in a previous entry, destined to become specimen plants in big containers. These are for direct planting into convenient garden designs in USDA Zone 8. Some of these species would tolerate appropriate microclimates of USDA Zone 7 gardens too. (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -15ºC to -20ºCMore information?(click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -3ºC to -8ºCMore information?(click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -8ºC to -12ºCMore information?Some types of Eucalypts can reach noticeable sizes in few years if planted out and not subject to size control by the adecuate interventions of pruning and/or pollarding, so our recommended post-planting management is highly dependant on your garden size, available free space and desired plant shape to match the desired combination with other plants or elements of your garden design.Please remember these operations do require so

Here you have other three examples of cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus. These gum trees are not, as we saw in a previous entry, destined to become specimen plants in big containers. These are for direct planting into convenient garden designs in USDA Zone 8. Some of these species would tolerate appropriate microclimates of USDA Zone 7 gardens too. (click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -15ºC to -20ºCMore information?(click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -3ºC to -8ºCMore information?(click image to enlarge)Cold tolerance: -8ºC to -12ºCMore information?Some types of Eucalypts can reach noticeable sizes in few years if planted out and not subject to size control by the adecuate interventions of pruning and/or pollarding, so our recommended post-planting management is highly dependant on your garden size, available free space and desired plant shape to match the desired combination with other plants or elements of your garden design.Please remember these operations do require so

We have seen that certain Eucalyptus species can easily reach giant sizes in relatively short periods of time. With such a biodiversity within this plant genus (hundreds of species, subspecies, varieties and cultivars) giantism is luckily not always present for all types of gum trees. But a good deal of eucalypt knowledge worldwide has to do with their applications for timber production, and in such cases fast growth, good form and suitability to resist frost events by winter are some of the initial important considerations. However, for the urban gardener, especially if with limited space, alternative options need of some consideration.Here you have four examples of tamed cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus achieving their final destination as plants in big containers, whose frost tolerance makes them suitable for cultivation outdoors in USDA Zone 8 gardens and favourable microclimates of USDA Zone 7 gardens. Some of these can reach giant sizes if planted out and not subject to size con

We have seen that certain Eucalyptus species can easily reach giant sizes in relatively short periods of time. With such a biodiversity within this plant genus (hundreds of species, subspecies, varieties and cultivars) giantism is luckily not always present for all types of gum trees. But a good deal of eucalypt knowledge worldwide has to do with their applications for timber production, and in such cases fast growth, good form and suitability to resist frost events by winter are some of the initial important considerations. However, for the urban gardener, especially if with limited space, alternative options need of some consideration.Here you have four examples of tamed cold hardy ornamental Eucalyptus achieving their final destination as plants in big containers, whose frost tolerance makes them suitable for cultivation outdoors in USDA Zone 8 gardens and favourable microclimates of USDA Zone 7 gardens. Some of these can reach giant sizes if planted out and not subject to size con

By 1866 in the neighbourhood of Coimbra (Portugal) the first cultivated forests of Eucalyptus in Iberia were established with the planting of thirty five thousand trees besides the Mondego river and at Mata de Choupal. It was an attempt to tame the stream and control devastating soil erosion caused by floods. Until then, the Australian trees were botanical rarities and relatively uncommon even as ornamental plants in public and private gardens. It was also a long time before they became a paramount timber crop for Northwestern Iberia, but this protective afforestation can be considered the beginning of such an era.In the neighbourhood of Coimbra stands today an eucalypt tree that witnessed those times and that has grown straight and tall from the bottom of a foggy deep gorge in search of light to become the tallest Eucalyptus in Europe. It is the Karri Knight, an Eucalyptus diversicolor from Western Australia.Fig 1: The giant Grandfather of Chavín (Spain) and Karri Knight of Vale de C

By 1866 in the neighbourhood of Coimbra (Portugal) the first cultivated forests of Eucalyptus in Iberia were established with the planting of thirty five thousand trees besides the Mondego river and at Mata de Choupal. It was an attempt to tame the stream and control devastating soil erosion caused by floods. Until then, the Australian trees were botanical rarities and relatively uncommon even as ornamental plants in public and private gardens. It was also a long time before they became a paramount timber crop for Northwestern Iberia, but this protective afforestation can be considered the beginning of such an era.In the neighbourhood of Coimbra stands today an eucalypt tree that witnessed those times and that has grown straight and tall from the bottom of a foggy deep gorge in search of light to become the tallest Eucalyptus in Europe. It is the Karri Knight, an Eucalyptus diversicolor from Western Australia.Fig 1: The giant Grandfather of Chavín (Spain) and Karri Knight of Vale de C

Survival and early growth of an E. nitens plantation during its first 2 years after experiencing -10ºC in their first winterTimber belt of low-pruned Eucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiata in grazelands (left). Example of diameter growth and crown shape in E. nitens grown with low competence from neighbouring trees (right).Interesting LinksCold hardy Eucalyptus timber growing & harvestingAlternative silvicultural regimes: pruning & thinning© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Survival and early growth of an E. nitens plantation during its first 2 years after experiencing -10ºC in their first winterTimber belt of low-pruned Eucalyptus nitens and Pinus radiata in grazelands (left). Example of diameter growth and crown shape in E. nitens grown with low competence from neighbouring trees (right).Interesting LinksCold hardy Eucalyptus timber growing & harvestingAlternative silvicultural regimes: pruning & thinning© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

We have previously seen images of natural regeneration in E. delegatensis, E. obliqua, E. globulus, E. nitens, E. blakelyi, E. nicholii and E. gunnii in which regrowth was present from lignotuber or axillary buds after the removal af the aerial part of the trees. Today we will see one of the natural equivalents to coppice growth after timber harvest, which is vegetative regeneration after fire.Snow Gums regrowing after fire in the Victorian Alps (Australia)(Photo courtesy of Phil in Sydney's Blog "Eucalypts In Habitat")This response in different eucalypt species is the result of adaptation to changes in their natural Australian habitat during millenia, and particularly to different degrees of natural selection pressure caused by relatively frequent forestry fire events. After the loss of their aerial part by fire, only the most vigorous coppicer specimens become dominant trees and, if free from further fire damage in the short term, are able to produce flowers, cross pollinate and pro

We have previously seen images of natural regeneration in E. delegatensis, E. obliqua, E. globulus, E. nitens, E. blakelyi, E. nicholii and E. gunnii in which regrowth was present from lignotuber or axillary buds after the removal af the aerial part of the trees. Today we will see one of the natural equivalents to coppice growth after timber harvest, which is vegetative regeneration after fire.Snow Gums regrowing after fire in the Victorian Alps (Australia)(Photo courtesy of Phil in Sydney's Blog "Eucalypts In Habitat")This response in different eucalypt species is the result of adaptation to changes in their natural Australian habitat during millenia, and particularly to different degrees of natural selection pressure caused by relatively frequent forestry fire events. After the loss of their aerial part by fire, only the most vigorous coppicer specimens become dominant trees and, if free from further fire damage in the short term, are able to produce flowers, cross pollinate and pro

One of the controversial issues with Eucalyptus trees has to do with their root systems. Frequently exaggerated as a factor against their planting in gardens or urbanised areas as ornamental trees, menaces of doom to basements, pavements, drainages and other structures are widespread and even fantasy tales about their thirsty roots coming out of your kitchen tap are not that uncommon.Difficult to debunk this myth with some real facts without digging up a bit. And that is exactly what Dr. Hailu Zerfu in collaboration with the Institute of Forest Ecology of the University of Vienna did in the highlands of Ethiopia, which, as you may have guessed, it is also Eucalyptus country.Example of methodology to survey root spatial distribution and biomass and nutrient allocation in Eucalyptus fuelwood plantations established on deep heavy clay soils in Amhara (Ethiopia). Spatial distribution of Eucalyptus root systems: summary of resultsNo doubt, some eucalypt species that reach big tree sizes wh

One of the controversial issues with Eucalyptus trees has to do with their root systems. Frequently exaggerated as a factor against their planting in gardens or urbanised areas as ornamental trees, menaces of doom to basements, pavements, drainages and other structures are widespread and even fantasy tales about their thirsty roots coming out of your kitchen tap are not that uncommon.Difficult to debunk this myth with some real facts without digging up a bit. And that is exactly what Dr. Hailu Zerfu in collaboration with the Institute of Forest Ecology of the University of Vienna did in the highlands of Ethiopia, which, as you may have guessed, it is also Eucalyptus country.Example of methodology to survey root spatial distribution and biomass and nutrient allocation in Eucalyptus fuelwood plantations established on deep heavy clay soils in Amhara (Ethiopia). Spatial distribution of Eucalyptus root systems: summary of resultsNo doubt, some eucalypt species that reach big tree sizes wh

Northern Spain, with a climate similar to Tasmania, shares also part of its landscapeSourcing with Northern Portugal the majority of all Eucalyptus timber produced in IberiaAnd the uses of Eucalyptus wood produced here are as diverse as the trees arePhotography of applied uses for Eucalyptus lumber courtesy of CIS-Madera(Centro de Innovación y Servicios Tecnológicos de la Madera de Galicia)Useful LinksEuroglobulus: Manual de la Madera de Eucalipto Blanco / Eucalyptus globulus Timber ManualNuevas aplicaciones de la madera de eucalipto / New industrial lines with eucalypt timber [PDF, in Spanish]Producción de Madera de Sierra de Alta Calidad con Eucalyptus globulus / Production of high quality Eucalyptus globulus lumber for sawmilling [PDF, in Spanish]Sistemas de Aserrado adecuados para Eucalyptus globulus Europeos afectados por tensiones de crecimiento / Saw-milling Systems for European Eucalyptus globulus affected by growth stresses [PDF, in Spanish]Una propuesta industrial de secad

Northern Spain, with a climate similar to Tasmania, shares also part of its landscapeSourcing with Northern Portugal the majority of all Eucalyptus timber produced in IberiaAnd the uses of Eucalyptus wood produced here are as diverse as the trees arePhotography of applied uses for Eucalyptus lumber courtesy of CIS-Madera(Centro de Innovación y Servicios Tecnológicos de la Madera de Galicia)Useful LinksEuroglobulus: Manual de la Madera de Eucalipto Blanco / Eucalyptus globulus Timber ManualNuevas aplicaciones de la madera de eucalipto / New industrial lines with eucalypt timber [PDF, in Spanish]Producción de Madera de Sierra de Alta Calidad con Eucalyptus globulus / Production of high quality Eucalyptus globulus lumber for sawmilling [PDF, in Spanish]Sistemas de Aserrado adecuados para Eucalyptus globulus Europeos afectados por tensiones de crecimiento / Saw-milling Systems for European Eucalyptus globulus affected by growth stresses [PDF, in Spanish]Una propuesta industrial de secad

One of the most striking aspects of genus Eucalyptus is their diversity. Sizes, shapes, colours, textures, fragrances. And multiple options for timber and non timber production, marketing and commercialization. Trees with bad press due to created interests, ignorance on their diversity frequently leads to firm opinion without solid basements.Examples of Eucalyptus species suitable for foliage production in Galicia Some years ago a certain Mr. Francisco Dans del Valle, forestry engineer, judged in 10 minutes a proposal for a Final Project from one of his college engineering students which involved identifying appropriate macro and microclimates for commercial cultivation of Eucalyptus trees able to yield annual non timber products under specially adapted forestry silvicultural regimes. Maybe judging on firm opinions based on limited data, the "impossible, so look for something else" veredict was not exactly very well received. Some years later, after trialling several dozen eucalypt s

One of the most striking aspects of genus Eucalyptus is their diversity. Sizes, shapes, colours, textures, fragrances. And multiple options for timber and non timber production, marketing and commercialization. Trees with bad press due to created interests, ignorance on their diversity frequently leads to firm opinion without solid basements.Examples of Eucalyptus species suitable for foliage production in Galicia Some years ago a certain Mr. Francisco Dans del Valle, forestry engineer, judged in 10 minutes a proposal for a Final Project from one of his college engineering students which involved identifying appropriate macro and microclimates for commercial cultivation of Eucalyptus trees able to yield annual non timber products under specially adapted forestry silvicultural regimes. Maybe judging on firm opinions based on limited data, the "impossible, so look for something else" veredict was not exactly very well received. Some years later, after trialling several dozen eucalypt s

Eucalyptus species determination is not just a matter of botanical interest. It can be quite important for its implications in regard to the different genetic pools (be them species, subspecies, provenances, or races) in cultivation. Important issues as cold hardiness (tolerance to winter frosts), growth rates (timber productivity) and physical and chemical properties of wood (timber quality) can depend on this variability, and hence be subject of forestry engineering.Two types of Ash ("Fraxinus wood-like") Eucalyptus: Tasmanian OakTelling Eucalyptus species apart can be difficult or confusing if differentiation criteria are based on a limited amount of variables. Bark type and characteristics can be one of the criteria for species identification, and can be considerably useful sometimes because some species are so strikingly different nothing else is needed. The chances of using bark as "main criterium" are better for areas where eucalypts are introduced species, simply because the n

By their fruits ye shall know themSmall tips on Eucalyptus Identification Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.comEucalyptus species determination is not just a matter of botanical interest. It can be quite important for its implications in regard to the different genetic pools (be them species, subspecies, provenances, or races) in cultivation. Important issues as cold hardiness (tolerance to winter frosts), growth rates (timber productivity) and physical and chemical properties of wood (timber quality) can depend on this variability, and hence be subject of forestry engineering.Two types of Ash ("Fraxinus wood-like") Eucalyptus: Tasmanian OakTelling Eucalyptus species apart can be difficult or confusing if differentiation criteria are based on a limited amount of variables. Bark type and characteristics can be one of the criteria for species identification, and can be considerably useful someti

Many things are possible with Eucalyptus. From amazing giants planted out in forests and parks, to potted plants indoors. Cold hardy varieties can be grown in USDA zones 10 to 7, so it is all about good species choice, good seed choice, and good plant choice.Eucalyptus BonsaiSculpted Eucalyptus© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Many things are possible with Eucalyptus. From amazing giants planted out in forests and parks, to potted plants indoors. Cold hardy varieties can be grown in USDA zones 10 to 7, so it is all about good species choice, good seed choice, and good plant choice.Eucalyptus BonsaiSculpted Eucalyptus© 2007 Gustavo Iglesias Trabado. Please contact us if you want to use all or part of this text and photography elsewhere. We like to share, but we do not like rudeness.

Trees with bad press, frequently associated to ecological degradation, soil and/or water depletion or the already too wasted mantra "nothing grows under gum trees", Eucalyptus can be exactly the opposite. Today we see a case of phytoremediation.Terraces of an abandoned copper mine are progressively afforested with Eucalyptus- Their fast growing new vegetation cover will contribute to minimise soil erosion and lixiviation of hazardous heavy metals on aquifers or river systems by controlling direct rainfall impact effects on bare soils, and by retaining it with their root systems.- Their plasticity adapting to different site conditions allows them to grow on extremely recalcitrant soils for plant colonisation, overcoming extreme acidity and lack on nutrients with a proper preparation of the new planting area.- Their extreme efficiency producing biomass from limited resources allows a quick deposition of organic matter on denuded soils, creating new superficial horizons to substitute th

Ecological restoration... by planting Eucalyptus(Ironías al darle la vuelta a la tortilla... verde) Gustavo Iglesias Trabado GIT Forestry Consulting - Consultoría y Servicios de Ingeniería Agroforestal - www.git-forestry.comEUCALYPTOLOGICSTrees with bad press, frequently associated to ecological degradation, soil and/or water depletion or the already too wasted mantra "nothing grows under gum trees", Eucalyptus can be exactly the opposite. Today we see a case of phytoremediation in which these trees are used in three different but complementary ways.1) Eucalyptus as fast growing pioneer species to cover denuded soilsFig. 1: Terraces of an abandoned copper mine are progressively afforested with Eucalyptus (in this case, E. globulus ssp. globulus)Their fast growing new vegetation cover will contribute to minimise soil erosion and lixiviation of hazardous heavy metals to aquifers or river systems by controlling direct rainfall impact effects on bare soils and by retaining it with

COLD HARDY EUCALYPTUS TIMBER GROWING & HARVESTINGExample of Eucalyptus tree growth (1): DBH-80 in less than 20 yearsExample of Eucalyptus tree growth (2): DBH-20 in 6 years on a pulpwood silvicultural regimeCold temperate Eucalyptus pulpwood harvest operations in Galicia1 - Basal logs: DBH-30 or bigger. Debarked on site and arranged on piles along a strip for easy operations of loading and extraction out of the forest.2- Harvest coupe: 9 year old planting of E. nitens at 500 m altitude on easily mechanisable tablelands.3- Tree felling: Chainsaw operator approaching the new target and assessing the best tree felling angle. Depending on logistics of harvest this operation can be performed by an independent worker (as in this case) or by the machine at 5.4- Typical tree: +20 meters high at a relatively high stocking (1100 trees/ha, could be less with no worries). 5 to 7 pulpwood logs per tree, 2 to 4 firewood logs per tree, 1 to 3 residual logs per tree.5- Log processing: 4 step seria

COLD HARDY EUCALYPTUS TIMBER GROWING & HARVESTINGExample of Eucalyptus tree growth (1): DBH-80 in less than 20 yearsExample of Eucalyptus tree growth (2): DBH-20 in 6 years on a pulpwood silvicultural regimeCold temperate Eucalyptus pulpwood harvest operations in Galicia1 - Basal logs: DBH-30 or bigger. Debarked on site and arranged on piles along a strip for easy operations of loading and extraction out of the forest.2- Harvest coupe: 9 year old planting of E. nitens at 500 m altitude on easily mechanisable tablelands.3- Tree felling: Chainsaw operator approaching the new target and assessing the best tree felling angle. Depending on logistics of harvest this operation can be performed by an independent worker (as in this case) or by the machine at 5.4- Typical tree: +20 meters high at a relatively high stocking (1100 trees/ha, could be less with no worries). 5 to 7 pulpwood logs per tree, 2 to 4 firewood logs per tree, 1 to 3 residual logs per tree.5- Log processing: 4 step seria

Phenology of E. globulus and E. nitens in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)We have already seen some previous example of eucalypts blooming. Today we will see some more!Examples of flower buds, blooms and infrutescences in Eucalyptus nitens growing in Galicia (NW Spain)Widely introduced into commercial scale plantings in Galicia as a frost hardy alternative to E. globulus of the inland tablelands and ranges, E. nitens most commonly appears at altitudes between 400 and 900 m, growing in a variety of soil types and site conditions.Its fast growth, small flower size (clusters around 1 cm), relatively delayed maturation age compared to other species and loss of basal branches when planted in timber stands can make spotting its blooms a difficult task without using binoculars. We have observed it blooming from late April well into July, but some variation in these phenologic ranges can happen every year depending on climatic tendences and some variation does occur also at different altitudes.Ex

Phenology of E. globulus and E. nitens in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)We have already seen some previous example of eucalypts blooming. Today we will see some more!Examples of flower buds, blooms and infrutescences in Eucalyptus nitens growing in Galicia (NW Spain)Widely introduced into commercial scale plantings in Galicia as a frost hardy alternative to E. globulus of the inland tablelands and ranges, E. nitens most commonly appears at altitudes between 400 and 900 m, growing in a variety of soil types and site conditions.Its fast growth, small flower size (clusters around 1 cm), relatively delayed maturation age compared to other species and loss of basal branches when planted in timber stands can make spotting its blooms a difficult task without using binoculars. We have observed it blooming from late April well into July, but some variation in these phenologic ranges can happen every year depending on climatic tendences and some variation does occur also at different altitudes.Ex

And yet more images on vegetative regeneration in Eucalyptus, in this case young potted plants experiencing a small coppice trial at nursery. As we had seen by now for planted out forestry species E. delegatensis, E. obliqua, E. globulus and some provenances of E. nitens, for these other forestry/ornamental species as E. blakelyi (Blakely's Red Gum, series Tereticornes), E. nicholii (Narrow Leaved Black Peppermint, section Maidenaria) and E. gunnii (Cider Gum, section Maidenaria too) natural regeneration from both lignotuber and axillary buds is frequent and vigorous.Totally unrelated, some historic/taxonomic notes on these species:- E. gunnii was named by W.J. Hooker honouring J.C. Gunn, two remarkable eucalypt botanists at Kew and Tasmania respectively in the late 19th century.- E. blakelyi was named by J.H. Maiden honouring W.F. Blakely, two of the most prominent eucalypt botanists in the early 20th century and authors respectively of the Critical Revision and A Key to Eucalyptus.-

LES EUCALYPTUS AU MAROC: BREVEMENT!Eucalyptus plantation near Guercif (Morocco). Photo courtesy of Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy (Photogeography)Eucalyptus: Their place in Moroccan Forests4.8 million hectares of natural forests (5% of territory).- Quercus ilex (Chêne vert, Encina, Live Oak, 29%)- Saharian Acacia species (Acacias sahariens, 21%)- Argania speciosa (Arganier, Oil Tree, 18%)- Tetraclinis articulata (Thuya de Berberie, 11%)- Quercus suber (Chêne liège, Cork Oak, 8%)- Juniperus oxycedrus and others (Genévriers, Junipers, 5%)- Cedrus atlantica (Cèdre de l'Atlas, Atlas Cedar, 3%),- Other forest types (5%).0.5 million hectares of forestry plantations (less 1% of territory)- Conifers 47%- Eucalypts 40%- Broadleaved 13%Transplanting Eucalyptus at Sidi Amira clonal forestry nursery (Morocco). Photo courtesy of Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification.0.2 million hectares of Eucalyptus plantations (less 0.25% of territory)- E. camaldulensis (Riv

Observe any new growth in your eucalypts, where the smallish new leaves are starting to form. You can see there that near the base of a pair of leaves (if juvenile and sessile) or near the petiole of adult leaves, in the axil, new small branchlets that will become new branches are starting to develop.Examples of paired inflorescences in three Eucalyptus speciesThis new growth is happening from an axillary bud, near the location of a joint between a leaf and a branch. It normally becomes a new branchlet if it is a vegetative bud, which happens all along the life of the eucalypt, and it becomes an inflorescence if it is a reproductive bud, which happens when the plant reaches reproductive maturity.The issue is that this tissue that is dividing into new cells (hence growing) is not "unique". Buds can develop "more than once in the same axil". That is why you can have a new leaf first, and an inflorescence later, growing from the same axil, which is the most common case in Eucalyptus (not

The photo below is an example of a Eucalyptus Blue Gum tree (Eucalyptus leucoxylon) that grows in South Australia and so lucky to have this particular one growing on the family farm. If a visiting artist to this blog has been trying to find am image of an Australian gum tree to paint, this tall specimen just might be the one for you. technorati tags: Blue gum, Australian gum tree, gum tree, tree, eucalyptus tree, eucalyptus leucoxylon, photo, artist